A rapid procedure to assess shifts in discriminative control over drinking during recovery-like behavior

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Alcohol Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.01.007

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Previously, we reported that recovery-like behavior decreases stimulus control over drinking, and this likely plays a role in the clinical observation that longer recovery increases relapse resistance. Those studies were conducted using a procedure that required repeated assessment, preventing a longitudinal analysis of the changes in stimulus control over time in each individual. Here we recapitulate those results and extend them to female rats using a more efficient procedure that allows repeated assessment of changes in stimulus control over drinking during recovery.

Methods

Under a multiple concurrent schedule, rats were trained to reliably respond predominantly for ethanol (concurrent Ethanol FR5, Food FR150) in the presence of one stimulus and for food (concurrent Ethanol FR5, Food FR5) in the presence of another stimulus. Stimuli were either lights or tones, depending on the group. After that, a drinking phase in which only the stimulus occasioning ethanol responding was presented (10 or 20 sessions) followed by recovery-like sessions in which only the stimulus occasioning food responding was presented. During these sessions, rats were exposed to the ethanol stimulus under extinction during the first component on sessions 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16. The number of food responses during these stimulus exposures prior to the first five ethanol responses was the primary measure.

Results

Consistent with the earlier procedure, the number of food responses during ethanol tests increased as a function of the number of recovery sessions completed, regardless of whether the stimuli were visual or auditory. However, there were no significant effects of extended alcohol exposure or sex.

Conclusions

A rapid procedure consistent with the earlier procedure and clinical evidence was developed in which stimulus control over drinking decreased following longer periods of recovery. Under conditions tested, stimulus type, length of drinking history, and sex did not affect this relationship.

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在类似恢复行为中评估对饮酒的辨别控制转变的快速程序。

背景：以前，我们曾报道过类似于恢复期的行为会降低对饮酒的刺激控制，这可能与临床观察到的恢复期越长越不易复发的现象有关。这些研究采用了一种需要重复评估的程序，因此无法对每个个体的刺激控制随时间的变化进行纵向分析。在此，我们使用一种更有效的程序对这些结果进行了回顾，并将其扩展到雌性大鼠，该程序允许在恢复期间重复评估刺激控制对饮酒的变化：方法：在多重并发计划下，训练大鼠在出现一种刺激时对乙醇（同时出现乙醇 FR5 和食物 FR150）做出可靠的主要反应，在出现另一种刺激时对食物（同时出现乙醇 FR5 和食物 FR5）做出可靠的主要反应。根据组别不同，刺激物为灯光或音调。之后是饮酒阶段，在这一阶段中只出现引起乙醇反应的刺激物（10 或 20 次），然后是类似恢复阶段，在这一阶段中只出现引起食物反应的刺激物。在这些环节中，大鼠会在第 0、1、2、4、8 和 16 个环节的第一个部分接触到处于消灭状态的乙醇刺激。在前 5 次乙醇反应之前的这些刺激暴露中，食物反应的次数是主要的测量指标：结果：与之前的程序一致，在乙醇测试中，无论刺激是视觉的还是听觉的，食物反应的次数都会随着完成的恢复训练次数的增加而增加。然而，长时间暴露于酒精或性别并没有明显的影响：结论：研究人员开发了一种与早期程序和临床证据一致的快速程序，在这种程序中，刺激对饮酒的控制会随着恢复时间的延长而减弱。在测试条件下，刺激类型、饮酒史时间长短和性别都不会影响这种关系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Alcohol 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

4.30%

发文量

审稿时长

15.6 weeks

期刊介绍： Alcohol is an international, peer-reviewed journal that is devoted to publishing multi-disciplinary biomedical research on all aspects of the actions or effects of alcohol on the nervous system or on other organ systems. Emphasis is given to studies into the causes and consequences of alcohol abuse and alcoholism, and biomedical aspects of diagnosis, etiology, treatment or prevention of alcohol-related health effects. Intended for both research scientists and practicing clinicians, the journal publishes original research on the neurobiological, neurobehavioral, and pathophysiological processes associated with alcohol drinking, alcohol abuse, alcohol-seeking behavior, tolerance, dependence, withdrawal, protracted abstinence, and relapse. In addition, the journal reports studies on the effects alcohol on brain mechanisms of neuroplasticity over the life span, biological factors associated with adolescent alcohol abuse, pharmacotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of alcoholism, biological and biochemical markers of alcohol abuse and alcoholism, pathological effects of uncontrolled drinking, biomedical and molecular factors in the effects on liver, immune system, and other organ systems, and biomedical aspects of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder including mechanisms of damage, diagnosis and early detection, treatment, and prevention. Articles are published from all levels of biomedical inquiry, including the following: molecular and cellular studies of alcohol''s actions in vitro and in vivo; animal model studies of genetic, pharmacological, behavioral, developmental or pathophysiological aspects of alcohol; human studies of genetic, behavioral, cognitive, neuroimaging, or pathological aspects of alcohol drinking; clinical studies of diagnosis (including dual diagnosis), treatment, prevention, and epidemiology. The journal will publish 9 issues per year; the accepted abbreviation for Alcohol for bibliographic citation is Alcohol.