Glucose Fuel Cells: Electricity from Blood Sugar.

IF 17.2 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL
Robert G Gloeb-McDonald, Gene Fridman
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Harvesting energy from the human body is an area of growing interest. While several techniques have been explored, the focus in the field is converging on using Glucose Fuel Cells (GFCs) that use glucose oxidation reactions at an anode and oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) at a cathode to create a voltage gradient that can be stored as power. To facilitate these reactions, catalysts are immobilized at an anode and cathode that result in electrochemistry that typically produces two electrons, a water molecule, and gluconic acid. There are two competing classes of these catalysts: enzymes, which use organic proteins, and abiotic options, which use reactive metals. Enzymatic catalysts show better specificity towards glucose, whereas abiotic options show superior operational stability. The most advanced enzymatic test showed a maximum power density of 119 μW/cm2 and an efficiency loss of 4% over 15 hours of operation. The best abiotic experiment resulted in 43 μW/cm2 and exhibited no signs of performance loss after 140 hours. Given the range of existing implantable devices' power budget from 10μW to 100mW and expected operational duration of 10 years or more, GFCs hold promise, but considerable advances need to be made to translate this technology to practical applications.

葡萄糖燃料电池:利用血糖发电
从人体收集能量是一个日益受到关注的领域。虽然已经探索了多种技术,但该领域的焦点正集中在使用葡萄糖燃料电池(GFCs)上,这种电池利用阳极的葡萄糖氧化反应和阴极的氧还原反应(ORRs)来产生电压梯度,从而储存能量。为了促进这些反应,在阳极和阴极固定了催化剂,从而产生电化学作用,通常会产生两个电子、一个水分子和葡萄糖酸。这些催化剂有两类相互竞争:一类是使用有机蛋白质的酶,另一类是使用活性金属的非生物催化剂。酶催化剂对葡萄糖具有更好的特异性,而非生物催化剂则具有更好的操作稳定性。最先进的酶催化试验显示,最大功率密度为 119 μW/cm2,运行 15 小时后效率损失为 4%。最好的非生物实验结果为 43 μW/cm2,并且在 140 小时后没有性能下降的迹象。考虑到现有植入式设备的功率预算范围从 10 微瓦到 100 毫瓦不等,且预期运行时间为 10 年或更长,GFCs 具有广阔的前景,但要将这项技术转化为实际应用,还需要取得长足的进步。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering
IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering Engineering-Biomedical Engineering
CiteScore
31.70
自引率
0.60%
发文量
93
期刊介绍: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (RBME) serves as a platform to review the state-of-the-art and trends in the interdisciplinary field of biomedical engineering, which encompasses engineering, life sciences, and medicine. The journal aims to consolidate research and reviews for members of all IEEE societies interested in biomedical engineering. Recognizing the demand for comprehensive reviews among authors of various IEEE journals, RBME addresses this need by receiving, reviewing, and publishing scholarly works under one umbrella. It covers a broad spectrum, from historical to modern developments in biomedical engineering and the integration of technologies from various IEEE societies into the life sciences and medicine.
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