The burden of end-stage renal disease in Khartoum, Sudan: cost of illness study.

IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
Journal of Medical Economics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-17 DOI:10.1080/13696998.2024.2320506
Hiba Ali Hajomer, Osama Ahmed Elkhidir, Shaima Omer Elawad, Ola Hatim Elniema, Mustafa Khalid Khalid, Lina S Altayib, Ibrahim Ahmed Abdalla, Tahani Amin Mahmoud
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Abstract

Background and purpose: The incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Sudan is increasing, affecting the economic status of patients, caregivers and society. This study aimed to measure ESRD's costs, including direct and morbidity indirect expenditures, and to investigate any associated factors and financial consequences.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study used a standardized questionnaire to collect data from 150 ESRD patients who had been receiving dialysis for at least one year before the time of data collection at 13 specialized renal centres in Khartoum state. Data about sociodemographic, clinical, and economic factors were gathered, and their relationship to the cost of ESRD was examined using both bivariate (Man Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis test and Spearman correlation) and multivariate analytical procedures (multivariate linear regression).

Results: This study reported a median direct per capita ESRD cost of 38 600 SDG ($1 723.2 PPP) annually with an interquartile range of 69 319.3 SDG ($3 094.6 PPP). The median morbidity indirect cost was estimated to be 0.0 ± 3 352 SDG ($ 0.0 ± 149.6 PPP) per annum. In 28.8% of cases, the patients were their family's primary income earner and over 85% were covered by medical insurance. Our study found that none of the study variables were significantly associated with the total cost of ESRD.

Conclusion and limitations: Our findings point out considerable direct out-of-pocket expenses and productivity losses for patients and their households. However, these results should be carefully applied for comparison between the different countries due to differences in the cost of medical interventions and insurance coverage. Further longitudinal studies and studies on health finance and insurance policies are recommended.

苏丹喀土穆终末期肾病的负担:疾病成本研究。
背景和目的:苏丹终末期肾病(ESRD)的发病率不断上升,影响了患者、护理人员和社会的经济状况。本研究旨在衡量终末期肾病的成本,包括直接和间接支出,并调查任何相关因素和经济后果:这项横断面研究使用标准化问卷收集 150 名 ESRD 患者的数据,这些患者在数据收集前已在喀土穆州 13 家专业肾脏中心接受透析治疗至少一年。研究人员收集了有关社会人口学、临床和经济因素的数据,并使用单变量双变量(曼-惠特尼检验、克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验和斯皮尔曼相关性)和多变量分析程序(多变量线性回归)研究了这些因素与 ESRD 费用之间的关系:研究报告显示,ESRD 的人均直接成本中位数为每年 38 600 SDG(购买力平价 1 723.2 美元),四分位数区间为 69 319.3 SDG(购买力平价 3 094.6 美元)。据估计,间接成本中位数为每年 0.0 ± 3 352 标准新元(购买力平价为 0.0 ± 149.6 美元)。在 28.8% 的病例中,患者是家庭的主要收入来源,85% 以上的患者有医疗保险。研究显示,ESRD 总费用与年住院率(P 值 = 0.001)、ESRD 总费用与平均住院时间(P 值 = 0.005)之间存在明显关联。我们的研究发现,没有一个研究变量与 ESRD 的总费用显著相关:我们的研究结果表明,患者及其家庭的直接自付费用和生产力损失相当可观。然而,由于不同国家的医疗干预成本和保险覆盖面存在差异,在比较这些结果时应谨慎应用。建议开展进一步的纵向研究以及有关医疗财务和保险政策的研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Medical Economics
Journal of Medical Economics HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES-MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
4.20%
发文量
122
期刊介绍: Journal of Medical Economics'' mission is to provide ethical, unbiased and rapid publication of quality content that is validated by rigorous peer review. The aim of Journal of Medical Economics is to serve the information needs of the pharmacoeconomics and healthcare research community, to help translate research advances into patient care and be a leader in transparency/disclosure by facilitating a collaborative and honest approach to publication. Journal of Medical Economics publishes high-quality economic assessments of novel therapeutic and device interventions for an international audience
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