Hazardous or Advantageous: Uncovering the Roles of Heavy Metals and Humic Substances in Shilajit (Phyto-mineral) with Emphasis on Heavy Metals Toxicity and Their Detoxification Mechanisms.

IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Biological Trace Element Research Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-23 DOI:10.1007/s12011-024-04109-4
Adil Hussain, Asma Saeed
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Shilajit is a phyto-mineral diffusion and semi-solid matter used as traditional medicine with extraordinary health benefits. This study provides a comprehensive data on Shilajit with emphasis on heavy metal profile, associated toxicities, and metal detoxification mechanisms by humic substances present in Shilajit. Data was searched across papers and traditional books using Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, SciELO, Web of Science, and Scopus as key scientific databases. Findings showed that Shilajit is distributed in almost 20 regions of the world with uses against 20 health problems as traditional medicine. With various humic substances, almost 11 biological activities were reported in Shilajit. This phyto-mineral diffusion possesses around 65 heavy metals including the toxic heavy metals like Cu, Al, Pb, As, Cd, and Hg. However, humic substances in Shilajit actively detoxify around 12 heavy metals. The recommended levels of heavy metals by WHO and FDA in herbal drugs is 0.20 and 0.30 ppm for Cd, 1 ppm for Hg, 10.00 ppm for As and Pb, 20 ppm for Cu, and 50 ppm for Zn. The levels of reported metals in Shilajit were found to be lower than the permissible limits set by WHO and FDA, except in few studies where exceeded levels were reported. Shilajit consumption without knowing permissible levels of metals is not safe and could pose serious health problems. Although the humic substances and few metals in Shilajit are beneficial in terms of chelating toxic heavy metals, the data on metal detoxification still needs to be clarified.

有害还是有利?揭示 Shilajit(植物矿物质)中重金属和腐殖质的作用,重点是重金属毒性及其解毒机制。
夏拉吉特是一种植物矿物扩散半固体物质,被用作传统药物,具有非凡的保健功效。本研究提供了有关夏拉吉特的全面数据,重点是重金属概况、相关毒性以及夏拉吉特中腐殖质的金属解毒机制。研究使用谷歌学术、PubMed、Science Direct、Medline、SciELO、Web of Science 和 Scopus 等主要科学数据库,对论文和传统书籍进行了数据搜索。研究结果表明,夏拉吉分布在全球近 20 个地区,作为传统药物可用于治疗 20 种健康问题。根据各种腐殖质的报道,夏拉吉特具有近 11 种生物活性。这种植物矿物扩散体含有约 65 种重金属,包括铜、铝、铅、砷、镉和汞等有毒重金属。然而,石拉吉特中的腐殖质能积极地解毒约 12 种重金属。世界卫生组织和美国食品和药物管理局推荐的草药中重金属含量为:镉 0.20 和 0.30 ppm,汞 1 ppm,砷和铅 10.00 ppm,铜 20 ppm,锌 50 ppm。除了少数几项研究报告的金属含量超标外,其他报告的夏拉杰特中的金属含量均低于世界卫生组织和美国食品和药物管理局规定的允许限值。在不了解金属允许含量的情况下食用夏拉杰特并不安全,可能会带来严重的健康问题。虽然夏拉吉中的腐殖质和少数金属对螯合有毒重金属有益,但有关金属解毒的数据仍有待澄清。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Biological Trace Element Research
Biological Trace Element Research 生物-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
10.30%
发文量
459
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Biological Trace Element Research provides a much-needed central forum for the emergent, interdisciplinary field of research on the biological, environmental, and biomedical roles of trace elements. Rather than confine itself to biochemistry, the journal emphasizes the integrative aspects of trace metal research in all appropriate fields, publishing human and animal nutritional studies devoted to the fundamental chemistry and biochemistry at issue as well as to the elucidation of the relevant aspects of preventive medicine, epidemiology, clinical chemistry, agriculture, endocrinology, animal science, pharmacology, microbiology, toxicology, virology, marine biology, sensory physiology, developmental biology, and related fields.
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