Evaluation of soft tissue simulant performance against economic and environmental impact

IF 3.5 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
James Read, Ken McNaught, Rachael Hazael and Richard Critchley
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Abstract

Soft tissue simulants are traditionally used to provide a post impact medium suitable for replicating human anatomy. Performance of materials is therefore paramount, and the analysis of such experimentation relies on responses that mimic the various tissue, bone and muscle groups contained within the human body. However, with an increasing global push to reduce carbon emissions and increase sustainability, current materials require examination to ensure research establishments remain at the forefront of environmentally friendly practices. To date, the literature contains little in relation to how environmentally friendly the use and supply of soft tissue simulants is. The aim of the research is to provide researchers with primary data to support decisions on material selection for ballistic simulation research. The need arises due to the high cost and environmental impact of existing materials. To explore this research gap, a series of 5.5 mm ball bearings were fired from a gas gun at velocity ranges between 122 and 526 m s−1 to examine the performance characteristics of six commercially available soft tissue simulants and a foodstuffs grade gelatine that represented a more cost effective environmentally friendly alternative. A structured multi-criteria decision analysis approach was employed to compare the overall effectiveness of the alternative materials. It was found that whilst PermaGel, 20 and 10% ballistic gelatine performed the most advantageously respectively during experimental testing, qualitative environmental assessment showed ballistic soap, PermaGel and foodstuffs gelatine to be most advantageous. The information provided within this study will enable researchers to make more informed decisions on both economic and environmental implications when sourcing materials for use within survivability assessment, whilst further work would increase awareness and viability of alternative materials.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

根据经济和环境影响评估软组织模拟物的性能
软组织模拟材料传统上用于提供适合复制人体解剖结构的冲击后介质。因此,材料的性能至关重要,对此类实验的分析依赖于模仿人体中各种组织、骨骼和肌肉群的反应。然而,随着全球对减少碳排放和提高可持续性的日益推动,需要对现有材料进行检查,以确保研究机构始终走在环保实践的前沿。迄今为止,有关软组织模拟材料的使用和供应是否环保的文献很少。这项研究的目的是为研究人员提供原始数据,为弹道模拟研究的材料选择决策提供支持。之所以有此需要,是因为现有材料成本高昂且对环境有影响。为了探索这一研究空白,我们从气枪中以 122 至 526 m s-1 的速度范围发射了一系列 5.5 毫米球轴承,以检验六种市售软组织模拟材料和一种食品级明胶的性能特征,后者代表了一种更具成本效益的环保型替代材料。采用了结构化多标准决策分析方法来比较替代材料的总体效果。结果发现,在实验测试中,PermaGel、20% 和 10% 的弹道明胶分别表现出最大的优势,而定性环境评估则显示弹道皂、PermaGel 和食品级明胶最具优势。这项研究提供的信息将使研究人员在采购用于生存能力评估的材料时,能够对经济和环境影响做出更明智的决定,而进一步的工作将提高对替代材料的认识和可行性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
1.90
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0.00%
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