Hydrotectonics of Grand Canyon Groundwater

IF 11.3 1区地球科学 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI:10.1146/annurev-earth-080723-083513

L.J. Crossey, K.E. Karlstrom, B. Curry, C. McGibbon, C. Reed, J. Wilgus, C.J. Whyte, T. Darrah

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Abstract

The Grand Canyon provides a deeply dissected view of the aquifers of the Colorado Plateau and its public and tribal lands. Stacked sandstone and karst aquifers are vertically connected by a network of faults and breccia pipes creating a complex groundwater network. Hydrochemical variations define structurally controlled groundwater sub-basins, each with main discharging springs. North Rim (N-Rim), South Rim (S-Rim), and far-west springs have different stable isotope fingerprints, reflecting different mean recharge elevations. Variation within each region reflects proportions of fast/slow aquifer pathways. Often considered perched, the upper Coconino (C) aquifer has a similar compositional range as the regional Redwall-Muav (R-M) karst aquifer, indicating connectivity. Natural and anthropogenic tracers show that recharge can travel 2 km vertically and tens of kilometers laterally in days to months via fracture conduits to mix with older karst baseflow. Six decades of piping N-Rim water to S-Rim Village and infiltration of effluent along the Bright Angel fault have sustained S-Rim groundwaters and likely induced S-Rim microseismicity. Sustainable groundwater management and uranium mining threats require better monitoring and application of hydrotectonic concepts. ▪ Hydrotectonic concepts include distinct structural sub-basins, fault fast conduits, confined aquifers, karst aquifers, upwelling geothermal fluids, and induced seismicity. ▪ N-Rim, S-Rim, and far-west springs have different stable isotope fingerprints reflecting different mean recharge elevations and residence times. ▪ The upper C and lower R-M aquifers have overlapping stable isotope fingerprints in a given region, indicating vertical connectively between aquifers. ▪ S-Rim springs and groundwater wells are being sustained by ∼60 years of piping of N-Rim water to S-Rim, also inducing seismicity.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Volume 52 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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大峡谷地下水的水文构造

从大峡谷可以深入观察科罗拉多高原的含水层及其公共和部落土地。层叠的砂岩和岩溶含水层通过断层和角砾岩管道网络垂直连接，形成了一个复杂的地下水网络。水文化学变化形成了结构受控的地下水子盆地，每个子盆地都有主要的排泄泉。北缘（N-Rim）、南缘（S-Rim）和最西部的泉水具有不同的稳定同位素指纹，反映了不同的平均补给海拔高度。每个区域内的差异反映了快速/慢速含水层路径的比例。上可可尼诺（C）含水层通常被认为是栖水含水层，其成分范围与区域内的红墙-穆阿夫（R-M）岩溶含水层相似，这表明了其连通性。自然和人为追踪器显示，补给水流可在数天至数月内通过断裂导管垂直流经 2 公里、横向流经数十公里，与老岩溶基底水流混合。六十年来，向 S-Rim 村输送 N-Rim 水以及沿光明天使断层渗透的污水维持了 S-Rim 的地下水，并可能诱发 S-Rim 的微地震。可持续的地下水管理和铀矿开采威胁需要更好的监测和水文构造概念的应用。水文构造概念包括独特的构造亚盆地、断层快速导流、封闭含水层、岩溶含水层、上涌地热流体和诱发地震。N-Rim 泉、S-Rim 泉和远西泉具有不同的稳定同位素指纹，反映了不同的平均补给海拔高度和停留时间。上层 C 含水层和下层 R-M 含水层在特定区域的稳定同位素指纹重叠，表明含水层之间存在垂直连通性。■ S-Rim泉水和地下水井通过向S-Rim输送N-Rim水的管道维持了60年，也诱发了地震。《地球与行星科学年刊》第52卷的最终在线出版日期预计为2024年5月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。

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来源期刊

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 地学天文-地球科学综合

CiteScore

25.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Since its establishment in 1973, the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences has been dedicated to providing comprehensive coverage of advancements in the field. This esteemed publication examines various aspects of earth and planetary sciences, encompassing climate, environment, geological hazards, planet formation, and the evolution of life. To ensure wider accessibility, the latest volume of the journal has transitioned from a gated model to open access through the Subscribe to Open program by Annual Reviews. Consequently, all articles published in this volume are now available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.