Optimization of Hot Gas Welding of Hybrid Thermoplastic-Thermoset Composites Using Taguchi Method

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Applied Composite Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI:10.1007/s10443-024-10208-1

Grete Steiner, Dominik Kuttner, Hans Lochner, Michael Thor

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Abstract

In this study, the influence of four different process parameters on hot gas welding of CF/epoxy fiber composites functionalized with a PA6 thermoplastic film is investigated. Additional experiments are carried out on specimens adorned with triangular beads of coupling material that are printed onto the plates, ensuring extra material within the joining zone. This approach offers a great advantage for compensating geometric tolerances. The parameters considered are common process parameters for regular two-step processes: Heating element temperature (THE), heating time (HT), welding force (F) and welding time (HTF). The design of experiments (DoE) is planned according to the Taguchi method. An orthogonal array is used to set up the experimental plan. Three factor levels of each welding parameter are considered. The test series are carried out with two sample variants. In the second sample variant, additional thermoplastic material is placed in the joining zone. The strength of the welded joints is investigated by tensile shear tests according to DIN EN 1465. The results show that the welding force has the greatest influence on the welding strength. Heating times of 20 s were found to be optimal. Within the first sample variant, a saturation behavior of the welding force can be observed at 500 N. Higher heating element temperatures (500 °C) and welding forces (1165 N) are advantageous using additional material. High welding temperatures result in a negative effect on the interdiffusivity of the polymer chains.

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使用田口方法优化热塑性-热固性混合复合材料的热气焊接

本研究探讨了四种不同工艺参数对热气焊接功能化 PA6 热塑性薄膜的 CF/epoxy 纤维复合材料的影响。此外，还对印有三角形耦合材料珠的试样进行了实验，这些耦合材料珠被印在板上，以确保连接区域内有额外的材料。这种方法在补偿几何公差方面具有很大优势。所考虑的参数是常规两步法的常用工艺参数：加热元件温度 (THE)、加热时间 (HT)、焊接力 (F) 和焊接时间 (HTF)。实验设计（DoE）根据田口方法进行规划。采用正交阵列来设定实验方案。每个焊接参数都考虑了三个因素水平。测试系列有两个样本变量。在第二种样品变体中，在连接区域放置了额外的热塑性材料。根据 DIN EN 1465 标准，通过拉伸剪切试验研究了焊接接头的强度。结果表明，焊接力对焊接强度的影响最大。最佳加热时间为 20 秒。在第一种样品变体中，焊接力在 500 N 时达到饱和。焊接温度过高会对聚合物链的相互扩散性产生负面影响。

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来源期刊

Applied Composite Materials 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

4.30%

发文量

审稿时长

1.6 months

期刊介绍： Applied Composite Materials is an international journal dedicated to the publication of original full-length papers, review articles and short communications of the highest quality that advance the development and application of engineering composite materials. Its articles identify problems that limit the performance and reliability of the composite material and composite part; and propose solutions that lead to innovation in design and the successful exploitation and commercialization of composite materials across the widest spectrum of engineering uses. The main focus is on the quantitative descriptions of material systems and processing routes. Coverage includes management of time-dependent changes in microscopic and macroscopic structure and its exploitation from the material''s conception through to its eventual obsolescence.