Maternal Processes Contributing to Child Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms: Comparing Military, Two-parent, and Single-parent Families

IF 1.6 3区 心理学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES
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Abstract

Following the United States’ recent engagements in military conflicts, the impact of parent deployment on child adaptation has become an increased focus of research. This study examined the contributions of maternal depressive affect and parenting stress to young children’s (ages 3 to 7) internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. In order to examine how these maternal factors contribute to child well-being, mean level differences and path analysis with group level modelling examined differences between military, single-parent and two-parent civilian families. Mean level differences reflected higher rates of difficulty for military homefront mothers in terms of depressive affect than either single or two-parent families and similar levels of parenting stress with single mothers. Military children demonstrated higher rates of internalizing or externalizing symptoms than children in single or two-parent families. Path analysis results indicated group level differences in links between maternal depressive affect and internalizing symptoms, with military families having stronger associations than single parent families. No group level differences were found between maternal depressive affect and externalizing symptoms. Associations between parenting stress and internalizing symptoms were stronger for military families than two parent families but weaker than single parent families, while the links between parenting stress and externalizing symptoms were the same for military and for single-parent families. These findings have important implications regarding potential intervention/prevention approaches for military families, suggesting that it may be particularly beneficial to target homefront mothers’ depressive affect and parenting stress during deployment as a means for promoting positive child outcomes.

导致儿童内化和外化症状的母亲过程:比较军人家庭、双亲家庭和单亲家庭
摘要 在美国最近卷入军事冲突之后,父母部署对儿童适应性的影响日益成为研究的重点。本研究探讨了母亲抑郁情绪和养育压力对幼儿(3 至 7 岁)内化和外化症状的影响。为了研究这些母亲因素对儿童福祉的影响,平均水平差异和分组水平模型路径分析研究了军人家庭、单亲家庭和双亲平民家庭之间的差异。平均水平差异反映出,与单亲家庭或双亲家庭相比,军人家庭的母亲在抑郁情绪方面遇到的困难更多,而单亲母亲的养育压力水平与之相似。与单亲或双亲家庭的儿童相比,军人子女表现出更高的内化或外化症状。路径分析结果表明,母亲抑郁情绪与内化症状之间的联系存在群体差异,军人家庭比单亲家庭有更强的联系。在母亲抑郁情绪和外化症状之间没有发现群体差异。军人家庭的养育压力与内化症状之间的联系强于双亲家庭,但弱于单亲家庭,而军人家庭和单亲家庭的养育压力与外化症状之间的联系相同。这些发现对军人家庭的潜在干预/预防方法具有重要意义,表明在部署期间,针对家庭前线母亲的抑郁情绪和养育压力进行干预可能特别有益,可促进儿童获得积极的结果。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
4.80%
发文量
300
期刊介绍: Journal of Child and Family Studies (JCFS) international, peer-reviewed forum for topical issues pertaining to the behavioral health and well-being of children, adolescents, and their families. Interdisciplinary and ecological in approach, the journal focuses on individual, family, and community contexts that influence child, youth, and family well-being and translates research results into practical applications for providers, program implementers, and policymakers. Original papers address applied and translational research, program evaluation, service delivery, and policy matters that affect child, youth, and family well-being. Topic areas include but are not limited to: enhancing child, youth/young adult, parent, caregiver, and/or family functioning; prevention and intervention related to social, emotional, or behavioral functioning in children, youth, and families; cumulative effects of risk and protective factors on behavioral health, development, and well-being; the effects both of exposure to adverse childhood events and assets/protective factors; child abuse and neglect, housing instability and homelessness, and related ecological factors influencing child and family outcomes.
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