{"title":"Evaluation of Environment Exposure Potential of Atrazine Herbicide and Synthesis of Polymeric Controlled Release Pesticide Formulations","authors":"Atul Gupta, Abhishek Dhiman","doi":"10.1134/S0965545X24600054","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>A thorough understanding of pesticide fate in soil and replacement of traditional pesticide formulations with polymeric controlled release pesticide formulations may provide a preventive approach for safer and more effective application of pesticides in the field. In this direction, the present study discusses the soil adsorption study of atrazine herbicide on Indian soil and synthesis of polymeric controlled release formulation based on <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (Neem) (AI) leaf powder and sodium alginate. The value of Ground Ubiquity Score (GUS) for atrazine herbicide has been observed 2.58 which classifies it as a transition pesticide in terms of ground water contamination with higher Environment Exposure Potential (EEP) in Indian soil. Polymeric controlled release pesticide formulations (CRPFs) were synthesized by ionotropic gelation method with three different crosslinking ions i.e. Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup>, and Al<sup>3+</sup>. These CRPFs have been characterized by FTIR, SEM-EDAX and TGA. Polymeric CRPFs released the herbicide in controlled manner for a period of 300 h and followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. AI-Alginate-Ca beads showed maximum cumulative release 14.99 mg/g in 300 h, followed by BaCl<sub>2</sub> and AlCl<sub>3</sub> crosslinked beads. The release study showed that the Polymeric CRPFs can be effective in controlling the release and adverse effects of atrazine in the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":738,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series A","volume":"65 6","pages":"744 - 754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Polymer Science, Series A","FirstCategoryId":"1","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0965545X24600054","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"POLYMER SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
A thorough understanding of pesticide fate in soil and replacement of traditional pesticide formulations with polymeric controlled release pesticide formulations may provide a preventive approach for safer and more effective application of pesticides in the field. In this direction, the present study discusses the soil adsorption study of atrazine herbicide on Indian soil and synthesis of polymeric controlled release formulation based on Azadirachta indica (Neem) (AI) leaf powder and sodium alginate. The value of Ground Ubiquity Score (GUS) for atrazine herbicide has been observed 2.58 which classifies it as a transition pesticide in terms of ground water contamination with higher Environment Exposure Potential (EEP) in Indian soil. Polymeric controlled release pesticide formulations (CRPFs) were synthesized by ionotropic gelation method with three different crosslinking ions i.e. Ca2+, Ba2+, and Al3+. These CRPFs have been characterized by FTIR, SEM-EDAX and TGA. Polymeric CRPFs released the herbicide in controlled manner for a period of 300 h and followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. AI-Alginate-Ca beads showed maximum cumulative release 14.99 mg/g in 300 h, followed by BaCl2 and AlCl3 crosslinked beads. The release study showed that the Polymeric CRPFs can be effective in controlling the release and adverse effects of atrazine in the environment.
期刊介绍:
Polymer Science, Series A is a journal published in collaboration with the Russian Academy of Sciences. Series A includes experimental and theoretical papers and reviews devoted to physicochemical studies of the structure and properties of polymers (6 issues a year). All journal series present original papers and reviews covering all fundamental aspects of macromolecular science. Contributions should be of marked novelty and interest for a broad readership. Articles may be written in English or Russian regardless of country and nationality of authors. All manuscripts are peer reviewed. Online submission via Internet to the Series A, B, and C is available at http://polymsci.ru.