Semidiurnal Internal Tides in a Shelf Sea South of Japan: Characteristics, Energetics, and Temporal variations

IF 3.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY
Shuya Wang , Xinyu Guo , Akihiko Morimoto , Anzhou Cao , Eisuke Tsutsumi , Yasumasa Miyazawa , Sergey M. Varlamov
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Abstract

Tidal mixing in a shelf sea south of Japan (Bungo Channel) plays an important role in modulating the water exchange between the Seto Inland Sea and Pacific Ocean. In this study, based on moored observations and model results from the Japan Coastal Ocean Predictability Experiment—Tides (JCOPE-T), the generation, propagation, and dissipation of semidiurnal internal tides in the Bungo Channel are investigated. Observational results indicate that semidiurnal internal tides induce strong baroclinic currents reaching 0.3 m/s. Their energy shows obvious spring-neap tidal cycles, generally coinciding with the local barotropic tidal forcing. By conducting the empirical orthogonal function analysis, we find that the observed semidiurnal internal tides are mainly dominated by the first two baroclinic modes. The JCOPE-T results suggest two main generation sites for semidiurnal internal tides in the region: one is located at a narrow strait north of the Bungo Channel, while the other is at the shelf break south of the Bungo Channel. The latter makes a major contribution to the observed semidiurnal internal tides. Northward internal tides generated at the shelf break are superposed with those generated at the narrow strait, causing a complex interference pattern in the channel. The temporal variation of semidiurnal internal tides in the Bungo Channel is affected by several factors. The intraseasonal variation of semidiurnal internal tides can be modulated by the Kuroshio warm water intrusion (Kyucho) because the occurrence of Kyucho changes the stratification in the channel and hence affects the energy conversion. The seasonal variation of semidiurnal internal tides in the Bungo Channel is determined mainly by the seasonally varying stratification; while those generated at the shelf break are under the combined influence of seasonal stratification and background currents. Southward internal tides from the shelf break are refracted due to the spatially varying stratification and background currents. The varying Kuroshio path and strength modulate the refraction of internal tides.

日本南部陆架海的半日内潮:特征、能量和时间变化
日本南部陆架海域(Bungo Channel)的潮汐混合在调节濑户内海和太平洋之间的水交换方面发挥着重要作用。本研究基于日本沿岸海洋可预测性实验-潮汐(JCOPE-T)的系泊观测数据和模型结果,对文吾海峡半日性内潮的产生、传播和消散进行了研究。观测结果表明,半日内潮可引起高达 0.3 米/秒的强气压流。其能量表现出明显的春-夏潮汐周期,一般与当地的气压潮汐强迫相吻合。通过进行经验正交函数分析,我们发现观测到的半日内潮主要由前两个条纹模式主导。JCOPE-T 的结果表明,该地区半日向内潮有两个主要生成点:一个位于文古海峡以北的狭窄海峡,另一个位于文古海峡以南的陆架断裂带。后者对观测到的半日性内潮起着主要作用。大陆架断裂处产生的北向内潮与狭窄海峡产生的内潮叠加,在海峡中形成复杂的干扰模式。文古海峡半日向内潮的时间变化受多种因素影响。半日内潮的季内变化可受黑潮暖水入侵的影响,因为黑潮暖水入侵会改变海峡内的分层,从而影响能量转换。文古海峡半日向内潮的季节变化主要由季节性变化的分层决定;而陆棚断裂处产生的半日向内潮则受季节性分层和背景流的共同影响。来自大陆架断裂处的南向内潮受空间变化的地层和背景流的折射。不断变化的黑潮路径和强度调节了内潮的折射。
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来源期刊
Progress in Oceanography
Progress in Oceanography 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
4.90%
发文量
138
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Progress in Oceanography publishes the longer, more comprehensive papers that most oceanographers feel are necessary, on occasion, to do justice to their work. Contributions are generally either a review of an aspect of oceanography or a treatise on an expanding oceanographic subject. The articles cover the entire spectrum of disciplines within the science of oceanography. Occasionally volumes are devoted to collections of papers and conference proceedings of exceptional interest. Essential reading for all oceanographers.
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