Claudia Patricia Rico-Torres, Luis Fernando Valenzuela-Moreno, Elvira Robles-González, Alvar Alonzo Cruz-Tamayo, Miguel Huchin-Cab, Jonathan Pérez-Flores, Lizbeth Xicoténcatl-García, Héctor Luna-Pastén, Luz Belinda Ortiz-Alegría, Irma Cañedo-Solares, Carlos Cedillo-Peláez, Fernando García-Lacy, Heriberto Caballero-Ortega
{"title":"Genotyping of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in domestic animals from Campeche, México, reveals virulent genotypes and a recombinant <i>ROP5</i> allele.","authors":"Claudia Patricia Rico-Torres, Luis Fernando Valenzuela-Moreno, Elvira Robles-González, Alvar Alonzo Cruz-Tamayo, Miguel Huchin-Cab, Jonathan Pérez-Flores, Lizbeth Xicoténcatl-García, Héctor Luna-Pastén, Luz Belinda Ortiz-Alegría, Irma Cañedo-Solares, Carlos Cedillo-Peláez, Fernando García-Lacy, Heriberto Caballero-Ortega","doi":"10.1017/S0031182024000106","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> has at least 318 genotypes distributed worldwide, and tropical regions usually have greater genetic diversity. Campeche is a state located in the southeastern region of México and has favourable climate conditions for the replication and dissemination of this protozoan, similar to those in South American countries where broad genetic diversity has been described. Thus, in this study, 4 <i>T. gondii</i> isolates were obtained from tissues of stray dogs and free-range chickens in Campeche, México, and were genotyped by Mn-PCR-RFLP with 10 typing markers (<i>SAG1</i>, <i>altSAG2</i>, <i>SAG3</i>, <i>BTUB</i>, <i>GRA6</i>, <i>c22-8</i>, <i>c29-2</i>, <i>L358</i>, <i>PK1</i> and <i>Apico</i>) and 5 virulence markers (<i>CS3</i>, <i>ROP16</i>, <i>ROP17</i>, <i>ROP18</i> and <i>ROP5</i>) to provide new information about the distribution and virulence prediction of <i>T. gondii</i> genotypes. Two isolates of <i>T. gondii</i> genotype #116 and 2 of genotype #38 were obtained from stray dogs and chickens, respectively. The parasite load found in these species was between <50 and more than 35 000 tachyzoites per mg of tissue. Virulence marker genotyping revealed a recombinant 1&3 <i>ROP5</i> RFLP pattern in 2 ToxoDB #116 isolates with no prediction of virulence in a murine model, while in the 2 ToxoDB #38 isolates, the <i>ROP18</i>/<i>ROP5</i> combination predicted high virulence. Considering all the typed markers, there is a predominance of type I and III alleles, as constantly reported for the isolates characterized in various regions of México. It is crucial to determine their phenotype to corroborate the genetic virulence profile of the <i>T. gondii</i> isolates obtained in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"363-369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11044059/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Parasitology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182024000106","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/29 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PARASITOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii has at least 318 genotypes distributed worldwide, and tropical regions usually have greater genetic diversity. Campeche is a state located in the southeastern region of México and has favourable climate conditions for the replication and dissemination of this protozoan, similar to those in South American countries where broad genetic diversity has been described. Thus, in this study, 4 T. gondii isolates were obtained from tissues of stray dogs and free-range chickens in Campeche, México, and were genotyped by Mn-PCR-RFLP with 10 typing markers (SAG1, altSAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico) and 5 virulence markers (CS3, ROP16, ROP17, ROP18 and ROP5) to provide new information about the distribution and virulence prediction of T. gondii genotypes. Two isolates of T. gondii genotype #116 and 2 of genotype #38 were obtained from stray dogs and chickens, respectively. The parasite load found in these species was between <50 and more than 35 000 tachyzoites per mg of tissue. Virulence marker genotyping revealed a recombinant 1&3 ROP5 RFLP pattern in 2 ToxoDB #116 isolates with no prediction of virulence in a murine model, while in the 2 ToxoDB #38 isolates, the ROP18/ROP5 combination predicted high virulence. Considering all the typed markers, there is a predominance of type I and III alleles, as constantly reported for the isolates characterized in various regions of México. It is crucial to determine their phenotype to corroborate the genetic virulence profile of the T. gondii isolates obtained in this study.
期刊介绍：
Parasitology is an important specialist journal covering the latest advances in the subject. It publishes original research and review papers on all aspects of parasitology and host-parasite relationships, including the latest discoveries in parasite biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, ecology and epidemiology in the context of the biological, medical and veterinary sciences. Included in the subscription price are two special issues which contain reviews of current hot topics, one of which is the proceedings of the annual Symposia of the British Society for Parasitology, while the second, covering areas of significant topical interest, is commissioned by the editors and the editorial board.
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