{"title":"Mitigating Persecution: Intermarried Families and the Significance of Social Networks during the Holocaust in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia","authors":"Tatjana Lichtenstein","doi":"10.1093/hgs/dcae001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the wartime experience of an intermarried family in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. It examines the intermarried couple Marie and Jiří Klouda, their daughters, Helena and Mariana, and their closest relatives among the Eisner and Klouda families. Using a microhistorical perspective, this study focuses on the experiences and strategies of particular individuals and their social circles to understand their responses to shifting circumstances. Although I focus on these two families, my questions pertain to the significance of non-Jewish friends and relatives for Jews during the Holocaust. In short, what difference did these social and familial bonds make to Jewish family members? The study shows that familial and social bonds had tangible outcomes in terms of facilitating important, lifesaving contacts and favors within the forced Jewish societies in the Terezín ghetto and Prague. Prewar professional, familial, and cultural networks, and the social capital they embodied, carried over into the lives of Jews forced into Terezín and into the ghettoized society in Prague. Family and friends provided significant material and emotional support for each other. This support was especially important in a family like the Eisners-Kloudas, which experienced multiple forms of victimization during the war. During the Holocaust, non-Jewish relatives and friends could not stop the processes of genocide, but they could mitigate the effects of dispossession, isolation, deprivation, and deportation.","PeriodicalId":44172,"journal":{"name":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcae001","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HISTORY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This article focuses on the wartime experience of an intermarried family in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. It examines the intermarried couple Marie and Jiří Klouda, their daughters, Helena and Mariana, and their closest relatives among the Eisner and Klouda families. Using a microhistorical perspective, this study focuses on the experiences and strategies of particular individuals and their social circles to understand their responses to shifting circumstances. Although I focus on these two families, my questions pertain to the significance of non-Jewish friends and relatives for Jews during the Holocaust. In short, what difference did these social and familial bonds make to Jewish family members? The study shows that familial and social bonds had tangible outcomes in terms of facilitating important, lifesaving contacts and favors within the forced Jewish societies in the Terezín ghetto and Prague. Prewar professional, familial, and cultural networks, and the social capital they embodied, carried over into the lives of Jews forced into Terezín and into the ghettoized society in Prague. Family and friends provided significant material and emotional support for each other. This support was especially important in a family like the Eisners-Kloudas, which experienced multiple forms of victimization during the war. During the Holocaust, non-Jewish relatives and friends could not stop the processes of genocide, but they could mitigate the effects of dispossession, isolation, deprivation, and deportation.
本文重点介绍了波希米亚和摩拉维亚保护国一个通婚家庭的战时经历。文章研究了 Marie 和 Jiří Klouda 这对通婚夫妇、他们的女儿 Helena 和 Mariana 以及他们在 Eisner 和 Klouda 家族中的近亲。本研究采用微观历史视角,重点关注特定个人及其社交圈的经历和策略,以了解他们对不断变化的环境做出的反应。虽然我关注的是这两个家庭,但我的问题涉及大屠杀期间非犹太人亲友对犹太人的意义。简而言之,这些社会和家庭纽带给犹太家庭成员带来了什么不同?研究表明,在特雷津犹太人聚居区和布拉格的被迫犹太人社会中,家庭和社会纽带在促进重要的、拯救生命的联系和恩惠方面产生了切实的结果。战前的职业、家庭和文化网络,以及这些网络所体现的社会资本,延续到了被迫进入特雷津的犹太人的生活和布拉格的贫民窟社会中。家人和朋友为彼此提供了重要的物质和情感支持。这种支持对于像艾斯纳-克劳达一家这样在战争中经历了多种形式伤害的家庭尤为重要。在大屠杀期间,非犹太人的亲戚和朋友无法阻止种族灭绝的进程,但他们可以减轻被剥夺财产、孤立、剥夺权利和驱逐出境的影响。
期刊介绍:
The major forum for scholarship on the Holocaust and other genocides, Holocaust and Genocide Studies is an international journal featuring research articles, interpretive essays, and book reviews in the social sciences and humanities. It is the principal publication to address the issue of how insights into the Holocaust apply to other genocides. Articles compel readers to confront many aspects of human behavior, to contemplate major moral issues, to consider the role of science and technology in human affairs, and to reconsider significant political and social factors.