Psychobehavioural B-criteria of somatic symptom disorder are associated with somatic symptom reporting in a large sample of psychosomatic outpatients

Abstract

Introduction: Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) as introduced by the DSM-5 is characterized by chronic somatic symptoms not fully explained by underlying pathology and accompanied by psychological factors, the diagnostic B-criteria. These cognitive, affective, and behavioral disturbances are related to increased attention to somatic symptoms. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the association between the B-criteria and high symptom reporting in clinical settings. Methods: This 12-year retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study examined 6,491 patients from a german psychosomatic outpatient center. The somatoform subscale of HEALTH-49 was used to evaluate somatic symptom reporting. Excessive health concerns and other potential criteria associated with symptom reporting were determined using the ICD-10-Symptom Rating and other HEALTH-49 subscales. Results: Regression analysis revealed that the established B-criteria for SSD were the strongest factors associated with somatic symptom reporting, with a standardized beta coefficient of β = 0.31 (R² = .428, df = 24, F = 187.886). Depressive symptoms and impaired activity and participation were clearly less associated with somatic symptom reporting. Sociodemographic factors, such as age (β = 0.16) and gender (β = 0.12), were also independently associated with somatic symptom reporting. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the concept of SSD related to specific B-criteria associated with somatic symptom reporting, based on a large patient sample. These results point to an important role of psychological symptomatology in patients with somatic symptoms. The findings also suggest that additional factors contribute to the reporting of somatic symptoms. Our results may inform future diagnostic criteria for SSD.