“Antibiotic hypersensitivity reactions in Cystic Fibrosis: A thorough inspection on a stumbling block in patient care”

Abstract

One hurdle in the management of CF, a disease characterized by progressive endobronchial infection, is the presence of hypersensitivity reactions to antimicrobials due to prolonged and repetitive treatment courses. The aim of this review is to compile existing data and provide insight to medical professionals on a long-debated topic for optimum patient care. Clinical studies were inducted from the last 15 years and filtered based on their relativity to drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs), antibiotics and CF. After completing the selection process, 10 clinical studies were thoroughly examined. The most frequent antibiotic group related to DHRs were beta-lactams. Frequency of the most common overall type of reaction (immediate or nonimmediate) differed among clinical studies. Although severe reactions seem rare comparatively, they do occur during and even after completion of treatment regimens. The prevalence of true drug allergies should be confirmed using a variety of tests available, however, should not be confused with overall DHR rates. Genetic mutations, gender and lifetime antibiotic dose were not related with an increased risk for DHR development. On the contrary, the most important factor according to most studies was the cumulative antimicrobial dose in a given period of time, especially when delivered parenterally. DHRs are an indisputable problem in the management of CF patients. Understanding possible risk factors and increased awareness is vital in both hospital and outpatient settings as early detection can decrease the severity of the reactions.