Effects of contextual interference and differential learning on performance and mental representations in a golf putting task

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI:10.1002/ejsc.12079

S. H. Mousavi, Alireza Saberi Kakhki, D. Fazeli, Ludwig Vogel, Fabian Horst, Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

It is widely accepted that mental representations can have an important influence on motor performance. Although differences in mental representations of motor tasks have been reported between novices and experts, little is known about their development as a function of motor learning approaches. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of contextual interference (CI) and differential learning (DL) on the performance and mental representations in a golf putting task. A total of 40 participants were randomly assigned into four groups: blocked contextual interference (BCI), random contextual interference (RCI), DL, and control. First, the participant's initial mental representation level was tested by means of the structural dimensional analysis of mental representation. Then, the participant's initial performance level was tested by 12 golf‐putting trials from 2.44 m. During the acquisition phase, participants practiced golf putting according to their grouping for three consecutive days with 10 blocks of 12 trials per day. No intervention was applied for the control group. The retention‐tests were performed 72 h after the last acquisition day. In addition, a transfer test to a novel distance outside the acquired range (4 m) was performed immediately after the retention‐test. The results of the putting performance in the retention test showed that RCI and DL performed better compared to BCI and the control group (all p < 0.05). In the transfer test, BCI and RCI outperformed the control group (all p < 0.05), but both were further outperformed by the DL group (all p < 0.05). Moreover, the DL group showed a more structured mental representation than the other groups during the retention test. These results indicated that DL used a different underlying mechanism that resulted in different levels of performance during transfer and a more structured mental representation compared with CI.

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情境干扰和差异学习对高尔夫推杆任务中的成绩和心理表征的影响

人们普遍认为，心理表征会对运动表现产生重要影响。尽管有报道称，新手和专家在运动任务的心理表征上存在差异，但人们对心理表征的发展与运动学习方法的关系知之甚少。本研究旨在比较情境干扰（CI）和差异学习（DL）对高尔夫推杆任务中的表现和心理表征的影响。共有 40 名参与者被随机分配到四组：阻断情境干扰（BCI）组、随机情境干扰（RCI）组、差异学习（DL）组和对照组。首先，通过心理表征的结构维度分析，测试被试的初始心理表征水平。然后，通过 12 次 2.44 米外的高尔夫推杆试验来测试受试者的初始表现水平。在习得阶段，受试者按照分组进行连续三天的高尔夫推杆练习，每天 10 个组块，每个组块 12 次试验。对照组不进行任何干预。在最后一天的学习结束后 72 小时进行保持测试。此外，在保留测试之后，还立即进行了一个新距离（4 米）的转移测试。保持测试中的推杆表现结果显示，RCI 和 DL 的表现优于 BCI 和对照组（所有 P < 0.05）。在转移测试中，BCI 组和 RCI 组的表现优于对照组（均 p < 0.05），但 DL 组的表现更胜一筹（均 p < 0.05）。此外，在保持测试中，DL 组比其他组表现出更有条理的心理表征。这些结果表明，与 CI 相比，DL 使用了一种不同的基本机制，从而导致在转移过程中表现出不同的水平，以及更有条理的心理表征。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

2.10%

发文量

464

期刊介绍： ACS Applied Bio Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of biomaterials and biointerfaces including and beyond the traditional biosensing, biomedical and therapeutic applications. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important bio applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses the relationship between structure and function and assesses the stability and degradation of materials under relevant environmental and biological conditions.