Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Adolescents with Special Educational and Care Needs in the Netherlands: A Case-File Study of Three Special Educational and Care Settings

IF 1.7 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES
Gabriëlle Mercera, Jessica Vervoort-Schel, Evelyne Offerman, Sanne Pronk, Inge Wissink, Ramón Lindauer
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Abstract

To date, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in adolescents with special educational and care needs have received little attention as an important risk factor for their behavioral, emotional, and learning problems. This study provides insight into ACE prevalence and family risk factors in three Dutch special educational and care settings for vulnerable school-aged youth. 268 adolescents (10–18 years old) with severe and persistent problems at individual and family level, from a special educational setting (setting 1; n = 59), a residential care setting (setting 2; n = 86) and an alternative educational setting (setting 3; n = 123) were included. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected between 2016 and 2019 through structured case-file analysis. A substantial proportion of the adolescents in all settings experienced at least one ACE, with 69.5% in setting 1, 84.9% in setting 2 and 95.1% in setting 3. Family risk factors were relatively common, among which a limited social network in all settings (20–50%) and debts in setting 2 and 3 (25–40%). The substantial ACE prevalence underlines the need for early ACE awareness. Trauma-informed care and education are needed to adequately understand trauma-related behaviors, prevent retraumatization, and enhance learning and healthy development. Given that ACEs regarding household dysfunction and family risk factors seem to be common in adolescents with special educational and care needs, family centered approaches should be implemented as well in the interest of lifelong health and well-being for both adolescents and their families.

荷兰有特殊教育和护理需求的青少年童年不良经历的普遍性:对三种特殊教育和护理环境的个案研究
迄今为止,有特殊教育和护理需求的青少年的童年不良经历(ACE)作为导致其行为、情绪和学习问题的重要风险因素,很少受到关注。本研究深入探讨了荷兰三所特殊教育和看护机构中弱势学龄青少年的 ACE 发生率和家庭风险因素。研究对象包括 268 名在个人和家庭层面存在严重和持续问题的青少年(10-18 岁),分别来自特殊教育机构(机构 1;人数 = 59)、寄宿护理机构(机构 2;人数 = 86)和替代教育机构(机构 3;人数 = 123)。研究采用回顾性横断面研究设计。数据是在2016年至2019年期间通过结构化病例档案分析收集的。在所有环境中,有相当一部分青少年至少经历过一次ACE,其中环境1为69.5%,环境2为84.9%,环境3为95.1%。家庭风险因素相对普遍,其中社会网络有限在所有环境中都存在(20%-50%),负债在环境 2 和环境 3 中都存在(25%-40%)。严重的 ACE 发生率突出表明,有必要及早提高对 ACE 的认识。为了充分了解与创伤有关的行为,防止再次创伤,促进学习和健康发展,需要开展创伤知情护理和教育。鉴于与家庭功能障碍和家庭风险因素有关的 ACE 似乎在有特殊教育和护理需求的青少年中很常见,因此也应实施以家庭为中心的方法,以促进青少年及其家庭的终生健康和幸福。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
6.70%
发文量
71
期刊介绍: Underpinned by a biopsychosocial approach, the Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma presents original research and prevention and treatment strategies for understanding and dealing with symptoms and disorders related to the psychological effects of trauma experienced by children and adolescents during childhood and where the impact of these experiences continues into adulthood. The journal also examines intervention models directed toward the individual, family, and community, new theoretical models and approaches, and public policy proposals and innovations. In addition, the journal promotes rigorous investigation and debate on the human capacity for agency, resilience and longer-term healing in the face of child and adolescent trauma. With a multidisciplinary approach that draws input from the psychological, medical, social work, sociological, public health, legal and education fields, the journal features research, intervention approaches and evidence-based programs, theoretical articles, specific review articles, brief reports and case studies, and commentaries on current and/or controversial topics. The journal also encourages submissions from less heard voices, for example in terms of geography, minority status or service user perspectives. Among the topics examined in the Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma: The effects of childhood maltreatment Loss, natural disasters, and political conflict Exposure to or victimization from family or community violence Racial, ethnic, gender, sexual orientation or class discrimination Physical injury, diseases, and painful or debilitating medical treatments The impact of poverty, social deprivation and inequality Barriers and facilitators on pathways to recovery The Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma is an important resource for practitioners, policymakers, researchers, and academics whose work is centered on children exposed to traumatic events and adults exposed to traumatic events as children.
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