Neurogenic Cell Behavior in 3D Culture Enhanced Within a Highly Compliant Synthetic Hydrogel Platform Formed via Competitive Crosslinking

IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS
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Abstract

Purpose

Scaffold materials that better support neurogenesis are still needed to improve cell therapy outcomes for neural tissue damage. We have used a modularly tunable, highly compliant, degradable hydrogel to explore the impacts of hydrogel compliance stiffness on neural differentiation. Here we implemented competitive matrix crosslinking mechanics to finely tune synthetic hydrogel moduli within soft tissue stiffnesses, a range much softer than typically achievable in synthetic crosslinked hydrogels, providing a modularly controlled and ultrasoft 3D culture model which supports and enhances neurogenic cell behavior.

Methods

Soluble competitive allyl monomers were mixed with proteolytically-degradable poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate derivatives and crosslinked to form a matrix, and resultant hydrogel stiffness and diffusive properties were evaluated. Neural PC12 cells or primary rat fetal neural stem cells (NSCs) were encapsulated within the hydrogels, and cell morphology and phenotype were investigated to understand cell-matrix interactions and the effects of environmental stiffness on neural cell behavior within this model.

Results

Addition of allyl monomers caused a concentration-dependent decrease in hydrogel compressive modulus from 4.40 kPa to 0.26 kPa (natural neural tissue stiffness) without influencing soluble protein diffusion kinetics through the gel matrix. PC12 cells encapsulated in the softest hydrogels showed significantly enhanced neurite extension in comparison to PC12s in all other hydrogel stiffnesses tested. Encapsulated neural stem cells demonstrated significantly greater spreading and elongation in 0.26 kPa alloc hydrogels than in 4.4 kPa hydrogels. When soluble growth factor deprivation (for promotion of neural differentiation) was evaluated within the neural stiffness gels (0.26 kPa), NSCs showed increased neuronal marker expression, indicating early enhancement of neurogenic differentiation.

Conclusions

Implementing allyl-acrylate crosslinking competition reduced synthetic hydrogel stiffness to provide a supportive environment for 3D neural tissue culture, resulting in enhanced neurogenic behavior of encapsulated cells. These results indicate the potential suitability of this ultrasoft hydrogel system as a model platform for further investigating environmental factors on neural cell behavior.

在通过竞争性交联形成的高顺应性合成水凝胶平台内增强三维培养中的神经源细胞行为
摘要 目的 为了改善神经组织损伤的细胞治疗效果,仍然需要能更好地支持神经发生的支架材料。我们使用模块化可调、高顺应性、可降解的水凝胶来探索水凝胶顺应性刚度对神经分化的影响。在这里,我们采用竞争性基质交联力学,在软组织刚度范围内对合成水凝胶模量进行微调,这一范围比合成交联水凝胶通常可达到的范围要软得多,从而提供了一种模块化控制的超软三维培养模型,支持并增强了神经源细胞的行为。 方法 将可溶性竞争性烯丙基单体与可蛋白水解的聚(乙二醇)二丙烯酸酯衍生物混合并交联形成基质,然后评估由此产生的水凝胶硬度和扩散特性。将神经 PC12 细胞或原代大鼠胎儿神经干细胞(NSCs)包裹在水凝胶中,研究细胞形态和表型,以了解细胞与基质的相互作用以及环境硬度对该模型中神经细胞行为的影响。 结果 添加烯丙基单体会导致水凝胶压缩模量从 4.40 kPa 降低到 0.26 kPa(自然神经组织硬度),但不会影响可溶性蛋白质在凝胶基质中的扩散动力学。封装在最软的水凝胶中的 PC12 细胞与封装在所有其他测试刚度的水凝胶中的 PC12 细胞相比,神经元延伸明显增强。封装的神经干细胞在 0.26 千帕分配水凝胶中的扩散和伸长明显大于在 4.4 千帕水凝胶中的扩散和伸长。在神经硬度凝胶(0.26 千帕)中评估可溶性生长因子剥夺(促进神经分化)情况时,神经干细胞显示神经元标记表达增加,表明神经源分化的早期增强。 结论 通过烯丙基丙烯酸酯交联竞争降低了合成水凝胶的硬度,为三维神经组织培养提供了支持性环境,从而增强了封装细胞的神经源行为。这些结果表明,这种超软水凝胶系统可能适合作为进一步研究环境因素对神经细胞行为影响的模型平台。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
3.60%
发文量
30
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The field of cellular and molecular bioengineering seeks to understand, so that we may ultimately control, the mechanical, chemical, and electrical processes of the cell. A key challenge in improving human health is to understand how cellular behavior arises from molecular-level interactions. CMBE, an official journal of the Biomedical Engineering Society, publishes original research and review papers in the following seven general areas: Molecular: DNA-protein/RNA-protein interactions, protein folding and function, protein-protein and receptor-ligand interactions, lipids, polysaccharides, molecular motors, and the biophysics of macromolecules that function as therapeutics or engineered matrices, for example. Cellular: Studies of how cells sense physicochemical events surrounding and within cells, and how cells transduce these events into biological responses. Specific cell processes of interest include cell growth, differentiation, migration, signal transduction, protein secretion and transport, gene expression and regulation, and cell-matrix interactions. Mechanobiology: The mechanical properties of cells and biomolecules, cellular/molecular force generation and adhesion, the response of cells to their mechanical microenvironment, and mechanotransduction in response to various physical forces such as fluid shear stress. Nanomedicine: The engineering of nanoparticles for advanced drug delivery and molecular imaging applications, with particular focus on the interaction of such particles with living cells. Also, the application of nanostructured materials to control the behavior of cells and biomolecules.
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