{"title":"Recent Advancements in Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crop Plants Achieved by Genomics and Targeted Genetic Engineering Approaches","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11105-024-01439-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Nitrogen plays a crucial role in plant metabolism, growth, and development of plants, and its deficiency leads to severe growth retardation and reduced grain yield. The efficient utilization of nitrogenous fertilizers is needed to enhance crop yield and also to fetch the food demand of the world population. The accumulated nitrogen in the ecosystem leads to severe environmental pollution and health hazards to inhabited animals. However, nitrogen inside plants is regulated by a set of nitrogen metabolism genes, promoters, and transcription factors. Further, the identification and characterization of nitrogen metabolism genes in crop plants is a prerequisite for developing tailored crop plants for increased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), grain yield, biomass, and other economic traits. Moreover, NUE is a complex trait, and breeding crops for improving NUE is still in the infancy stage. Therefore, a targeted and holistic approach is required for enhanced nitrogen uptake and its utilization. The precise modulation of key genes of nitrogen metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism could result in enhancement of NUE, and the engineered crop plants for NUE traits were reported to be superior in terms of NUE and also incurred higher grain yield, biomass, and improved agronomical parameters as that of cultivated crop cultivars. In this review, we described the basics of nitrogen metabolism, genomics, and recently targeted genetic engineering strategies employed in crop plants for improving NUE.</p>","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Accounts of Chemical Research","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-024-01439-4","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Nitrogen plays a crucial role in plant metabolism, growth, and development of plants, and its deficiency leads to severe growth retardation and reduced grain yield. The efficient utilization of nitrogenous fertilizers is needed to enhance crop yield and also to fetch the food demand of the world population. The accumulated nitrogen in the ecosystem leads to severe environmental pollution and health hazards to inhabited animals. However, nitrogen inside plants is regulated by a set of nitrogen metabolism genes, promoters, and transcription factors. Further, the identification and characterization of nitrogen metabolism genes in crop plants is a prerequisite for developing tailored crop plants for increased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), grain yield, biomass, and other economic traits. Moreover, NUE is a complex trait, and breeding crops for improving NUE is still in the infancy stage. Therefore, a targeted and holistic approach is required for enhanced nitrogen uptake and its utilization. The precise modulation of key genes of nitrogen metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism could result in enhancement of NUE, and the engineered crop plants for NUE traits were reported to be superior in terms of NUE and also incurred higher grain yield, biomass, and improved agronomical parameters as that of cultivated crop cultivars. In this review, we described the basics of nitrogen metabolism, genomics, and recently targeted genetic engineering strategies employed in crop plants for improving NUE.
期刊介绍：
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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