Testing the validity of pollution haven and pollution halo hypotheses in BRICMT countries by Fourier Bootstrap AARDL method and Fourier Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto causality approach
Oguzhan Ozcelik, Hasan Bardakci, Abdulkadir Barut, Muhammad Usman, Narasingha Das
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
It is useful to analyze the factors, polluting the livable environment, whose sustainability and protection are vital to all living things, and to take the necessary precautions promptly. Within this scope, the effects of foreign trade and investments on environmental pollution in BRICMT (Brazil, Russia, India, China, Mexico, and Turkey) countries were analyzed with the Fourier Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) stationarity test, Fourier Bootstrap augumented autoregressive distributive lag (AARDL) method, and Fourier Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto causality test for the period 1980–2021 in this study. According to the findings, the pollution haven hypothesis is valid since increasing exports and foreign investment in China increased environmental pollution both in the short term and the long term. While environmental pollution increased in China, Brazil, Mexico, and Turkey with increasing imports, it decreased in Russia. The short-term impact of imports on rising environmental pollution is also valid for Brazil. Since foreign investment increases environmental pollution in Brazil and Mexico in the long run, the pollution haven hypothesis is valid in these countries. In Russia and Mexico, where there are findings that foreign investment reduces environmental pollution in the short term, the pollution halo hypothesis is valid in the short run. According to the Fourier Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto causality test results, it was determined that there is causality from exports and imports to environmental pollution in China and India and from foreign investment to environmental pollution in Russia and Brazil.
期刊介绍:
Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health.
It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes.
International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals.
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements.
This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.