Influence of AMPK on the Functioning of the Circadian Clock and Its Possible Role in the Development of Age-Related Metabolic Disorders

Abstract

Circadian rhythms ensure the synchronization of the physiology of cells and tissues in accordance with daily changes in the environment. These rhythms are maintained by transcriptional oscillators located in various organism cells. One of the rhythm sensors for the circadian clock is the intake of nutrients, this synchronizer is especially important in peripheral tissues. With age, the work of both the central and peripheral clock is disturbed. In old age, the amplitude of rhythms decreases and the peaks of expression of clock genes shift. Such changes affect not only the circadian, but also other rhythms. Promising ways to maintain circadian rhythms are a variety of dietary patterns, including both calorie restriction, well known for its ability to prolong the lifespan of laboratory animals, and time-restricted feeding. It is now known that intracellular metabolic sensors are also involved in regulation of the circadian clock. Among these sensors, it should be especially noted AMPK, which coordinates many catabolic and anabolic processes and participates in the implementation of the effect of calorie restriction. It is assumed that non-drug modulation of AMPK activity will not only help fight metabolic disorders, but also maintain circadian rhythms. The review considers the role of AMPK and some other metabolic sensors in the regulation of the circadian clock.