Multi-Cellular 3D Flat-Knitted Composite Panels Strengthened by PU-Foam: Manufacturing, Testing and Simulating

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Applied Composite Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI:10.1007/s10443-024-10204-5

Atefeh Raji, Hossein Hasani, Sanaz Hassanzadeh

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Abstract

Composite panels made-up of multi-cellular 3D flat-knitted (M3DFK) fabrics were manufactured in this research and mechanically evaluated in order to analyze their bending functionality after being filled with polyurethane (PU) foam. Using an electronic flat knitting machine, two different groups of M3DFK fabrics varied in their cross-sectional shapes were initially prepared from glass/polyester yarns and then, being molded through vacuum injection method with epoxy resin. A three-point bending test was used to experimentally evaluate the mechanical performance of PU-foam filled composite panels. Also, the composites mechanical behaviors were theoretically investigated using the multi-scale modeling method. The results indicated that the reinforcement structural geometries and foam presence in the composite specimens have a significant impact on their bending properties. The empirical findings revealed that foam injection resulted in a 113.8% and 92.3% increase in energy absorption for double- and single-decker composite structures during the bending process, respectively. According to the results, foam-filled composite structures experience a significant increase in core shear and facing stresses. This increase amounts to 18.4% for the single-decker and 84.7% for the double-decker 3D structure. The results of the simulation method were used to understand the effect of composite structure as well as foam injection on the stress distribution and maximum stress applied during the bending process. Also, no delamination between foam and facing layers was observed.

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由聚氨酯泡沫加固的多孔 3D 扁平针织复合板：制造、测试和模拟

摘要本研究制造了由多孔三维横编织物（M3DFK）组成的复合板，并对其进行了机械评估，以分析其在填充聚氨酯（PU）泡沫后的弯曲功能。使用电子横机，首先用玻璃/聚酯纱线制备出两组截面形状不同的 M3DFK 织物，然后用环氧树脂通过真空注射方法成型。实验采用三点弯曲试验来评估聚氨酯泡沫填充复合板的机械性能。此外，还使用多尺度建模方法对复合材料的力学行为进行了理论研究。结果表明，复合材料试样中的加固结构几何形状和泡沫的存在对其弯曲性能有显著影响。经验研究结果表明，泡沫注入使双层和单层复合材料结构在弯曲过程中的能量吸收分别增加了 113.8% 和 92.3%。研究结果表明，泡沫填充复合材料结构的芯部剪应力和端面应力显著增加。单层三维结构的这一增幅为 18.4%，双层三维结构的这一增幅为 84.7%。模拟方法的结果用于了解复合结构以及泡沫注入对弯曲过程中的应力分布和最大应力的影响。此外，在泡沫和面层之间没有观察到分层现象。

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来源期刊

Applied Composite Materials 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

4.30%

发文量

审稿时长

1.6 months

期刊介绍： Applied Composite Materials is an international journal dedicated to the publication of original full-length papers, review articles and short communications of the highest quality that advance the development and application of engineering composite materials. Its articles identify problems that limit the performance and reliability of the composite material and composite part; and propose solutions that lead to innovation in design and the successful exploitation and commercialization of composite materials across the widest spectrum of engineering uses. The main focus is on the quantitative descriptions of material systems and processing routes. Coverage includes management of time-dependent changes in microscopic and macroscopic structure and its exploitation from the material''s conception through to its eventual obsolescence.