Epigenetics as a determinant of radiation response in cancer.

3区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Elena Arechaga-Ocampo
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Radiation therapy is a cornerstone of modern cancer treatment. Treatment is based on depositing focal radiation to the tumor to inhibit cell growth, proliferation and metastasis, and to promote the death of cancer cells. In addition, radiation also affects non-tumor cells in the tumor microenvironmental (TME). Radiation resistance of the tumor cells is the most common cause of treatment failure, allowing survival of cancer cell and subsequent tumor growing. Molecular radioresistance comprises genetic and epigenetic characteristics inherent in cancer cells, or characteristics acquired after exposure to radiation. Furthermore, cancer stem cells (CSCs) and non-tumor cells into the TME as stromal and immune cells have a role in promoting and maintaining radioresistant tumor phenotypes. Different regulatory molecules and pathways distinctive of radiation resistance include DNA repair, survival signaling and cell death pathways. Epigenetic mechanisms are one of the most relevant events that occur after radiotherapy to regulate the expression and function of key genes and proteins in the differential radiation-response. This article reviews recent data on the main molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways related to the biological response to radiotherapy in cancer; highlighting the epigenetic control exerted by DNA methylation, histone marks, chromatin remodeling and m6A RNA methylation on gene expression and activation of signaling pathways related to radiation therapy response.

表观遗传学是癌症辐射反应的决定因素。
放射治疗是现代癌症治疗的基石。治疗的基础是对肿瘤进行病灶照射,以抑制细胞生长、增殖和转移,并促进癌细胞死亡。此外,辐射还会影响肿瘤微环境(TME)中的非肿瘤细胞。肿瘤细胞的放射抗性是导致治疗失败的最常见原因,它使癌细胞得以存活,肿瘤随之生长。分子放射抗性包括癌细胞固有的遗传和表观遗传特征,或暴露于辐射后获得的特征。此外,癌症干细胞(CSCs)和作为基质细胞和免疫细胞进入TME的非肿瘤细胞在促进和维持抗放射肿瘤表型方面发挥作用。抗辐射的不同调控分子和途径包括 DNA 修复、生存信号转导和细胞死亡途径。表观遗传学机制是放疗后发生的最相关事件之一,可调节不同辐射反应中关键基因和蛋白质的表达和功能。本文回顾了与癌症放疗生物反应相关的主要分子机制和信号通路的最新数据;重点介绍了 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白标记、染色质重塑和 m6A RNA 甲基化对基因表达和激活与放疗反应相关的信号通路的表观遗传控制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
International review of cell and molecular biology
International review of cell and molecular biology BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-CELL BIOLOGY
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
67
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology-both plant and animal. Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for future research.
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