Keigo Kawashima, Francesco Andreata, Cristian Gabriel Beccaria, Matteo Iannacone
{"title":"Priming and Maintenance of Adaptive Immunity in the Liver.","authors":"Keigo Kawashima, Francesco Andreata, Cristian Gabriel Beccaria, Matteo Iannacone","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-090122-041354","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The liver's unique characteristics have a profound impact on the priming and maintenance of adaptive immunity. This review delves into the cellular circuits that regulate adaptive immune responses in the liver, with a specific focus on hepatitis B virus infection as an illustrative example. A key aspect highlighted is the liver's specialized role in priming CD8+ T cells, leading to a distinct state of immune hyporesponsiveness. Additionally, the influence of the liver's hemodynamics and anatomical features, particularly during liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, on the differentiation and function of adaptive immune cells is discussed. While the primary emphasis is on CD8+ T cells, recent findings regarding the involvement of B cells and CD4+ T cells in hepatic immunity are also reviewed. Furthermore, we address the challenges ahead and propose integrating cutting-edge techniques, such as spatial biology, and combining mouse models with human sample analyses to gain comprehensive insights into the liver's adaptive immunity. This understanding could pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies targeting infectious diseases, malignancies, and inflammatory liver conditions like metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":26.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annual review of immunology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-090122-041354","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/6/14 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The liver's unique characteristics have a profound impact on the priming and maintenance of adaptive immunity. This review delves into the cellular circuits that regulate adaptive immune responses in the liver, with a specific focus on hepatitis B virus infection as an illustrative example. A key aspect highlighted is the liver's specialized role in priming CD8+ T cells, leading to a distinct state of immune hyporesponsiveness. Additionally, the influence of the liver's hemodynamics and anatomical features, particularly during liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, on the differentiation and function of adaptive immune cells is discussed. While the primary emphasis is on CD8+ T cells, recent findings regarding the involvement of B cells and CD4+ T cells in hepatic immunity are also reviewed. Furthermore, we address the challenges ahead and propose integrating cutting-edge techniques, such as spatial biology, and combining mouse models with human sample analyses to gain comprehensive insights into the liver's adaptive immunity. This understanding could pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies targeting infectious diseases, malignancies, and inflammatory liver conditions like metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis.
肝脏的独特特性对启动和维持适应性免疫有着深远的影响。本综述以乙型肝炎病毒感染为例,深入探讨调节肝脏适应性免疫反应的细胞回路。其中强调的一个关键方面是肝脏在启动 CD8+ T 细胞方面的特殊作用,这导致了一种独特的免疫低反应状态。此外,还讨论了肝脏血液动力学和解剖学特征对适应性免疫细胞分化和功能的影响,尤其是在肝纤维化和肝硬化期间。虽然主要重点是 CD8+ T 细胞,但也回顾了有关 B 细胞和 CD4+ T 细胞参与肝脏免疫的最新发现。此外,我们还探讨了未来的挑战,并建议整合空间生物学等尖端技术,将小鼠模型与人体样本分析相结合,以全面了解肝脏的适应性免疫。这种认识可为针对传染性疾病、恶性肿瘤以及非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和自身免疫性肝炎等炎症性肝病的新型治疗策略铺平道路。免疫学年评》第 42 卷的最终在线出版日期预计为 2024 年 4 月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
期刊介绍:
The Annual Review of Immunology, in publication since 1983, focuses on basic immune mechanisms and molecular basis of immune diseases in humans. Topics include innate and adaptive immunity; immune cell development and differentiation; immune control of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites) and cancer; and human immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. The current volume of this journal has been converted from gated to open access through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program, with all articles published under a CC BY license.