Naturalistic assessments in virtual reality and in real life help resolve the age-prospective memory paradox.

IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-16 DOI:10.1080/13825585.2024.2315791
Nathan S Rose, Joseph M Saito
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

 Cognitive aging researchers have long reported "paradoxical" age differences in prospective memory (PM), with age deficits in laboratory settings and age benefits (or no deficits) in real-world settings. We propose a theoretical account that explains this "age-PM-paradox" as a consequence of both methodological factors and developmental changes in cognitive abilities and personality traits. To test this account, young  and older  adults   performed a series of naturalistic PM tasks in the lab and real world. Age-related PM deficits were observed in both lab-based tasks where demands were implemented using virtual reality and in-person role-playing. In contrast, older adults performed equal to or better than young adults on both real-world tasks, where demands were implemented in participants' daily lives. Consistent with our proposed account, an index of these "paradoxical" effects was partially predicted by age-related differences in working memory, vigilance, agreeableness, and neuroticism, whose predictive utility varied across task settings.

虚拟现实和现实生活中的自然评估有助于解决年龄前瞻性记忆悖论。
长期以来,认知老化研究人员一直在报告前瞻性记忆(PM)的 "悖论性 "年龄差异,即在实验室环境中存在年龄缺陷,而在真实世界环境中存在年龄优势(或无缺陷)。我们提出了一种理论解释,将这种 "年龄-前瞻性记忆悖论 "解释为方法因素以及认知能力和人格特质发展变化的结果。为了验证这一观点,年轻和年长的成年人在实验室和现实世界中完成了一系列自然的自闭症任务。在使用虚拟现实技术和亲自扮演角色的实验室任务中,都观察到了与年龄相关的自闭症缺陷。与此相反,老年人在现实世界的两项任务中的表现与年轻人相当或更好,因为这些任务的要求是在参与者的日常生活中实现的。与我们提出的观点一致的是,这些 "矛盾 "效应的部分指数可以通过与年龄相关的工作记忆、警觉性、宜人性和神经质的差异来预测,而这些差异的预测效用在不同的任务设置中有所不同。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
5.30%
发文量
52
期刊介绍: The purposes of Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition are to (a) publish research on both the normal and dysfunctional aspects of cognitive development in adulthood and aging, and (b) promote the integration of theories, methods, and research findings between the fields of cognitive gerontology and neuropsychology. The primary emphasis of the journal is to publish original empirical research. Occasionally, theoretical or methodological papers, critical reviews of a content area, or theoretically relevant case studies will also be published.
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