Viral diseases affecting the skin

Abstract

This chapter delves into the complex world of viral exanthems, focusing on their diagnostic challenges and distinctive features, with updated presentations and pearls. From Roseola Infantum's atypical fever-rash presentation to Rubeola's resurgence, it underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis. Rubella, frequently confused with measles, demands heightened suspicion, especially in adults and pregnant patients. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease's diverse manifestations warrant accurate differentiation. The discussion extends to Parvovirus B19, Varicella-Zoster Virus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and HIV Primary Infection. The resurgence of Mpox, Zika Virus's risks during pregnancy, and the rare but life-threatening Eczema Herpeticum are explored. Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome, Unilateral Laterothoracic Exanthem, and other viral conditions complete the landscape. In summary, this chapter offers a comprehensive understanding of viral exanthems, enabling clinicians to distinguish and manage these dermatological challenges. Accurate identification is crucial for providing specialized therapy to a minority of cases and supportive care to the majority. Vigilance, thorough examination, and a nuanced understanding of viral presentations are essential in navigating this intricate landscape.