Simulation of the upper oceanic response to the super cyclonic storm Amphan in the Northern Bay of Bengal

IF 2.1 4区 地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
Shaila Akhter , Fangli Qiao , K M Azam Chowdhury , Xunqiang Yin , Md Kawser Ahmed
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Abstract

The lack of observational data in the northern part of the Bay of Bengal (BoB) makes it challenging to investigate the upper oceanic responses to tropical cyclones. To overcome this challenge, a high-resolution Regional Ocean Model (ROMS) is set up with horizontal resolution of 0.03° × 0.03° and 50 vertical layers for the northern BoB, with the daily output of the First Institute of Oceanography surface wave-tide-circulation coupled ocean model (FIO-COM) as the boundary condition, and hourly ERA5 data as atmospheric forcings. This regional model is systematically validated and then utilized to reconstruct the upper ocean response due to the super cyclonic storm Amphan over the BoB from May 16 to 20, 2020. The upper ocean responses to Amphan in the northern BoB is well reconstructed with this regional model. On the right side of the cyclone track, sea surface temperature (SST) cooling (4 °C) and increased sea surface salinity (0.5 psu) are well reproduced. The primary oceanic triggering forces intensified the cyclone through the extraordinarily high SST (>31 °C) and deep isothermal layer depth. Tropical cyclone heat potential was high (over 100Kj cm−2) during the early stages of the cyclone, which aided the transformation of a depression into a super cyclonic storm. Vertical entrainment and horizontal advection had a major influence in the pronounced cooling within the mixed layer.

模拟孟加拉湾北部超级气旋风暴安潘的上层海洋反应
由于缺乏孟加拉湾北部的观测数据,研究热带气旋对上层海洋的响应具有挑战性。为了克服这一挑战,以第一海洋研究所表层波浪-潮汐-环流耦合海洋模式(FIO-COM)的日输出结果为边界条件,以每小时ERA5数据为大气约束条件,为孟加拉湾北部建立了水平分辨率为0.03°×0.03°、垂直层数为50层的高分辨率区域海洋模式(ROMS)。对这一区域模式进行了系统验证,然后利用该模式重建了 2020 年 5 月 16 日至 20 日超气旋风暴 "安潘 "在波罗的海上空造成的上层海洋响应。该区域模式很好地重建了波罗的海北部上层海洋对 "安潘 "的响应。在气旋路径的右侧,海面温度(SST)降低(4 °C)和海面盐度增加(0.5 psu)得到了很好的再现。主要的海洋触发力通过超高的 SST(31 °C)和深等温层深度加剧了气旋。在气旋的早期阶段,热带气旋热势很高(超过 100Kj cm-2),这有助于低气压向超气旋风暴的转变。垂直夹带和水平平流对混合层内的明显冷却有重要影响。
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来源期刊
Journal of Sea Research
Journal of Sea Research 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
3.20
自引率
5.00%
发文量
86
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Sea Research is an international and multidisciplinary periodical on marine research, with an emphasis on the functioning of marine ecosystems in coastal and shelf seas, including intertidal, estuarine and brackish environments. As several subdisciplines add to this aim, manuscripts are welcome from the fields of marine biology, marine chemistry, marine sedimentology and physical oceanography, provided they add to the understanding of ecosystem processes.
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