Association of Pulmonary Transit Time and Pulmonary Blood Volume From First-Pass Perfusion Cardiac MRI With Diastolic Dysfunction and Left Ventricle Deformation in Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Background

Patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) have impaired diastolic filling and hemodynamic congestion. Pulmonary transit time (PTT) and pulmonary blood volume index (PBVi) reflect the hemodynamic status, but the relationship with left ventricle (LV) dysfunction remains unclear.

Purpose

To evaluate the PTT and PBVi in RCM patients, the association with diastolic dysfunction and LV deformation, and the effects on the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in RCM patients.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

137 RCM patients (88 men, age 58.80 ± 10.83 years) and 68 age- and sex-matched controls (46 men, age 57.00 ± 8.59 years).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0T/Balanced steady-state free precession sequence, recovery prepared echo-planar imaging sequence, and phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequence.

Assessment

The LV function and peak strain (PS) parameters were measured. The PTT was calculated and corrected by heart rate (PTTc). The PBVi was calculated as the product of PTTc and RV stroke volume index.

Statistical Tests

Chi-squared test, student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson's or Spearman's correlation, multivariate linear regression, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and Cox regression models analysis. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The PTTc showed a significant correlation with the E/A ratio (r = 0.282), and PBVi showed a significant correlation with the E/e′ ratio, E/A ratio, and diastolic dysfunction stage (r = 0.222, 0.320, and 0.270). PTTc showed an independent association with LVEF, LV circumferential PS, and LV longitudinal PS (β = 0.472, 0.299, and 0.328). In Kaplan–Meier analysis, higher PTTc and PBVi were significantly associated with MACE. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, PTTc was a significantly independent predictor of the MACE in combination with both cardiac MRI functional and tissue parameters (hazard ratio: 1.23/1.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–1.42/1.20–1.46).

Data Conclusion

PTTc and PBVi are associated with diastolic dysfunction and deteriorated LV deformation, and PTTc independently predicts MACE in patients with RCM.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2