Development of the anterior pituitary: diverse lineages of the stem/progenitor cells.

IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Endocrine journal Pub Date : 2024-06-18 Epub Date: 2024-02-09 DOI:10.1507/endocrj.EJ23-0676
Yukio Kato, Takako Kato
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The pituitary gland is endocrine tissue composed of two distinct parts with different origins: the adenohypophysis (adenohypophyseal placode origin) and the neurohypophysis (neuroectoderm origin). Differentiation of endocrine cells in the pituitary gland leads to hormone synthesis, secretion into the capillary network, and transportation to target organs. In 1988, the discovery of the pituitary transcription factor PIT1 sparked research on endocrine cell differentiation. In the twenty-first century, the discovery that SOX2-positive stem/progenitor cells give rise to all types of pituitary endocrine cells advanced research on differentiation processes using diverse marker molecules. Lineage tracing using specific marker genes from early embryos revealed that during construction of the anterior pituitary from the adenohypophyseal placodal cells the developing anterior pituitary incorporates diverse cell types originating from the neural crest-derived and ectodermal-derived cells. Consequently, the postnatal anterior pituitary becomes a mosaic of terminally differentiated cells of different origin and with different life histories. It has also been revealed that most of the postnatal stem/progenitor cells form at least solid clusters in the parenchyma. Moreover, the classification and role of S100β-positive cells had been ambiguous, but now they are identified as a major component of postnatal stem/progenitor cells. This paper provides an updated overview of pituitary development.

垂体前叶的发育:干细胞/祖细胞的不同分支。
垂体是一种内分泌组织,由起源不同的两个不同部分组成:腺骺(腺胚胎起源)和神经骺(神经外胚层起源)。垂体内分泌细胞的分化导致激素合成,分泌到毛细血管网,并输送到靶器官。1988 年,垂体转录因子 PIT1 的发现引发了对内分泌细胞分化的研究。21 世纪,SOX2 阳性干细胞/祖细胞可产生所有类型的垂体内分泌细胞,这一发现推动了利用不同标记分子对分化过程的研究。利用早期胚胎的特异性标记基因进行的系谱追踪显示,在由腺叶胎盘细胞构建垂体前叶的过程中,发育中的垂体前叶融合了源自神经嵴和外胚层细胞的多种细胞类型。因此,出生后的垂体前叶由不同来源和不同生活史的终末分化细胞拼接而成。研究还发现,大多数出生后的干细胞/祖细胞在实质中至少形成了固体团块。此外,S100β阳性细胞的分类和作用一直模糊不清,但现在它们已被确定为出生后干细胞/祖细胞的主要组成部分。本文概述了垂体发育的最新情况。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Endocrine journal
Endocrine journal 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
5.00%
发文量
224
审稿时长
1.5 months
期刊介绍: Endocrine Journal is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal with a long history. This journal publishes peer-reviewed research articles in multifaceted fields of basic, translational and clinical endocrinology. Endocrine Journal provides a chance to exchange your ideas, concepts and scientific observations in any area of recent endocrinology. Manuscripts may be submitted as Original Articles, Notes, Rapid Communications or Review Articles. We have a rapid reviewing and editorial decision system and pay a special attention to our quick, truly scientific and frequently-citable publication. Please go through the link for author guideline.
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