The Role of the Microbiome in the Etiopathogenesis of Colon Cancer.

IF 15.7 1区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY
Geniver El Tekle, Natalia Andreeva, Wendy S Garrett
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Studies in preclinical models support that the gut microbiota play a critical role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Specific microbial species and their corresponding virulence factors or associated small molecules can contribute to CRC development and progression either via direct effects on the neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells or through interactions with the host immune system. Induction of DNA damage, activation of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB proinflammatory pathways, and alteration of the nutrient's availability and the metabolic activity of cancer cells are the main mechanisms by which the microbiota contribute to CRC. Within the tumor microenvironment, the gut microbiota alter the recruitment, activation, and function of various immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Additionally, the microbiota shape the function and composition of cancer-associated fibroblasts and extracellular matrix components, fashioning an immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic niche for CRC. Understanding the complex interplay between gut microbiota and tumorigenesis can provide therapeutic opportunities for the prevention and treatment of CRC.

微生物组在结肠癌发病机制中的作用。
临床前模型研究证实,肠道微生物群在结直肠癌(CRC)的发生和发展过程中起着至关重要的作用。特定的微生物种类及其相应的毒力因子或相关小分子可通过直接影响上皮细胞的肿瘤性转化或通过与宿主免疫系统的相互作用来促进 CRC 的发生和发展。诱导 DNA 损伤、激活 Wnt/β-catenin 和 NF-κB 促炎通路、改变营养物质的供应和癌细胞的代谢活动是微生物群导致 CRC 的主要机制。在肿瘤微环境中,肠道微生物群会改变各种免疫细胞(如 T 细胞、巨噬细胞和树突状细胞)的招募、激活和功能。此外,微生物群还会影响癌症相关成纤维细胞和细胞外基质成分的功能和组成,为 CRC 创造一个免疫抑制和促肿瘤生成的生态位。了解肠道微生物群与肿瘤发生之间复杂的相互作用可为预防和治疗 CRC 提供治疗机会。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Annual review of physiology
Annual review of physiology 医学-生理学
CiteScore
35.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
41
期刊介绍: Since 1939, the Annual Review of Physiology has been highlighting significant developments in animal physiology. The journal covers diverse areas, including cardiovascular physiology, cell physiology, ecological, evolutionary, and comparative physiology, endocrinology, gastrointestinal physiology, neurophysiology, renal and electrolyte physiology, respiratory physiology, and special topics.
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