Volition motivates cognitive performance at the response-execution level by attenuating task-irrelevant motor activations

IF 2.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Xiaoxiao Luo , Lihui Wang , Xiaolin Zhou
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Abstract

Humans express volition by making voluntary choices which, relative to forced choices, can motivate cognitive performance in a variety of tasks. However, a task that requires the generation of motor responses on the basis of external sensory stimulation involves complex underlying cognitive processes, e.g., pre-response processing, response selection, and response execution. The present study investigated how these underlying processes are facilitated by voluntary choice-making. In five experiments, participants were free or forced to choose a task-irrelevant picture from two alternatives, and then completed a conflict task, i.e., Flanker, Stroop, Simon, Stroop-Simon, or Flanker-Simon task, where the conflict effect could occur at different processing levels. Results consistently showed that responses in all tasks were generally faster after voluntary (vs. forced) choices. Importantly, the conflict effect at the response-execution level (i.e., the Simon effect), but not the conflict effect at the pre-response and response-selection levels (i.e., the Flanker and Stroop effects), was reduced by the voluntary choice-making. Model fitting revealed that the peak amplitude of automatic motor activations in the response-execution conflict was smaller after voluntary (vs. forced) choices. These findings suggest that volition motivates subsequent cognitive performance at the response-execution level by attenuating task-irrelevant motor activations.

意志通过减弱与任务无关的运动激活,在反应-执行层面激励认知表现
人类通过做出自愿选择来表达意志,相对于强迫选择,自愿选择可以激发人们在各种任务中的认知表现。然而,需要在外部感官刺激的基础上产生运动反应的任务涉及复杂的潜在认知过程,如反应前处理、反应选择和反应执行。本研究调查了自愿选择是如何促进这些基本过程的。在五项实验中,被试可以自由或被迫从两张备选图片中选择一张与任务无关的图片,然后完成一项冲突任务,即 Flanker、Stroop、Simon、Stroop-Simon 或 Flanker-Simon 任务,在这些任务中,冲突效应可能发生在不同的加工水平上。结果一致表明,在所有任务中,自愿选择(与强迫选择)后的反应速度普遍较快。重要的是,自愿选择减少了反应执行层面的冲突效应(即西蒙效应),但没有减少反应前和反应选择层面的冲突效应(即 Flanker 和 Stroop 效应)。模型拟合显示,在自愿选择(与强迫选择)后,反应-执行冲突中的自动运动激活的峰值振幅较小。这些研究结果表明,自愿选择通过减弱与任务无关的运动激活,在反应-执行水平上激发了随后的认知表现。
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来源期刊
Cognition
Cognition PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
5.90%
发文量
283
期刊介绍: Cognition is an international journal that publishes theoretical and experimental papers on the study of the mind. It covers a wide variety of subjects concerning all the different aspects of cognition, ranging from biological and experimental studies to formal analysis. Contributions from the fields of psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, computer science, mathematics, ethology and philosophy are welcome in this journal provided that they have some bearing on the functioning of the mind. In addition, the journal serves as a forum for discussion of social and political aspects of cognitive science.
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