Experimental study on boundary lubricity of superficial area of articular cartilage and synovial fluid

IF 6.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL
Friction Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI:10.1007/s40544-023-0822-y
Wenxiao Li, Takehiro Morita, Yoshinori Sawae
{"title":"Experimental study on boundary lubricity of superficial area of articular cartilage and synovial fluid","authors":"Wenxiao Li, Takehiro Morita, Yoshinori Sawae","doi":"10.1007/s40544-023-0822-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The boundary lubrication mechanism at the articulating surface of natural synovial joints has been the subject of much discussion in tribology. In this study, to elucidate the lubricating function of the superficial area of articular cartilage and synovial fluid (SF), cartilage specimens were processed with four different treatments: gentle and severe washing with detergent, incubation in NaCl solution, and trypsin digestion to selectively remove certain constituents from the cartilage surface. Subsequently, the frictional characteristics were examined in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and SF against glass. Angularly reciprocating sliding tests with a spherical glass probe and square articular cartilage specimens were performed at low contact loads in the mN range to extract the frictional behavior in the superficial area of the cartilage specimens. Meanwhile, the cartilage surface was observed to confirm the effects of treatments on the morphology of the cartilage surface using a fluorescence microscope and water-immersion methods. The coefficient of friction (COF) of the prepared cartilage specimens was varied from 0.05 to over 0.3 in PBS. However, a certain group of cartilage specimens exhibited a low COF of less than 0.1 with limited variation. For the low COF group of specimens, all four treatments increased the COF in PBS to different extents, and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the integrity of the cartilage surface was deteriorated by treatments. This means that the intact cartilage surface had lubricating constituents to maintain low friction, and the removal of such constituents resulted in the loss of the intrinsic boundary lubricity of the cartilage surface. The variation in the COF of the cartilage specimens was suppressed in SF because it had a clear boundary lubrication effect on the cartilage surface. The lubricating effect of SF could be confirmed even after degenerative treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Friction","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-023-0822-y","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

The boundary lubrication mechanism at the articulating surface of natural synovial joints has been the subject of much discussion in tribology. In this study, to elucidate the lubricating function of the superficial area of articular cartilage and synovial fluid (SF), cartilage specimens were processed with four different treatments: gentle and severe washing with detergent, incubation in NaCl solution, and trypsin digestion to selectively remove certain constituents from the cartilage surface. Subsequently, the frictional characteristics were examined in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and SF against glass. Angularly reciprocating sliding tests with a spherical glass probe and square articular cartilage specimens were performed at low contact loads in the mN range to extract the frictional behavior in the superficial area of the cartilage specimens. Meanwhile, the cartilage surface was observed to confirm the effects of treatments on the morphology of the cartilage surface using a fluorescence microscope and water-immersion methods. The coefficient of friction (COF) of the prepared cartilage specimens was varied from 0.05 to over 0.3 in PBS. However, a certain group of cartilage specimens exhibited a low COF of less than 0.1 with limited variation. For the low COF group of specimens, all four treatments increased the COF in PBS to different extents, and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the integrity of the cartilage surface was deteriorated by treatments. This means that the intact cartilage surface had lubricating constituents to maintain low friction, and the removal of such constituents resulted in the loss of the intrinsic boundary lubricity of the cartilage surface. The variation in the COF of the cartilage specimens was suppressed in SF because it had a clear boundary lubrication effect on the cartilage surface. The lubricating effect of SF could be confirmed even after degenerative treatment.

关节软骨表层和滑液边界润滑性实验研究
天然滑膜关节铰接面的边界润滑机制一直是摩擦学中讨论的主题。在这项研究中,为了阐明关节软骨表层区域和滑液(SF)的润滑功能,对软骨标本进行了四种不同的处理:用洗涤剂进行轻度和重度清洗、在氯化钠溶液中培养、胰蛋白酶消化以选择性地去除软骨表面的某些成分。随后,在磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)和 SF 对玻璃中检测了摩擦特性。用球形玻璃探针和方形关节软骨试样在 mN 范围内的低接触载荷下进行角往复滑动测试,以提取软骨试样表层区域的摩擦行为。同时,使用荧光显微镜和水浸法观察软骨表面,以确认处理对软骨表面形态的影响。制备的软骨试样在 PBS 中的摩擦系数(COF)从 0.05 到 0.3 以上不等。然而,有一组软骨试样的摩擦系数较低,小于 0.1,且变化有限。对于低 COF 组标本,所有四种处理方法都在不同程度上增加了 PBS 中的 COF,荧光显微镜显示软骨表面的完整性因处理方法而恶化。这说明完整的软骨表面具有维持低摩擦的润滑成分,而去除这些成分会导致软骨表面内在边界润滑性的丧失。由于 SF 对软骨表面具有明显的边界润滑作用,因此软骨试样的 COF 变化在 SF 中受到抑制。SF 的润滑效果即使在退化处理后也能得到证实。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Friction
Friction Engineering-Mechanical Engineering
CiteScore
12.90
自引率
13.20%
发文量
324
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: Friction is a peer-reviewed international journal for the publication of theoretical and experimental research works related to the friction, lubrication and wear. Original, high quality research papers and review articles on all aspects of tribology are welcome, including, but are not limited to, a variety of topics, such as: Friction: Origin of friction, Friction theories, New phenomena of friction, Nano-friction, Ultra-low friction, Molecular friction, Ultra-high friction, Friction at high speed, Friction at high temperature or low temperature, Friction at solid/liquid interfaces, Bio-friction, Adhesion, etc. Lubrication: Superlubricity, Green lubricants, Nano-lubrication, Boundary lubrication, Thin film lubrication, Elastohydrodynamic lubrication, Mixed lubrication, New lubricants, New additives, Gas lubrication, Solid lubrication, etc. Wear: Wear materials, Wear mechanism, Wear models, Wear in severe conditions, Wear measurement, Wear monitoring, etc. Surface Engineering: Surface texturing, Molecular films, Surface coatings, Surface modification, Bionic surfaces, etc. Basic Sciences: Tribology system, Principles of tribology, Thermodynamics of tribo-systems, Micro-fluidics, Thermal stability of tribo-systems, etc. Friction is an open access journal. It is published quarterly by Tsinghua University Press and Springer, and sponsored by the State Key Laboratory of Tribology (TsinghuaUniversity) and the Tribology Institute of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信