Zygomaticus activation through facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES) induces happiness perception in ambiguous facial expressions and affects neural correlates of face processing.

Themis Nikolas Efthimiou, Joshua Baker, Alasdair Clarke, Arthur Elsenaar, Marc Mehu, Sebastian Korb
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Abstract

The role of facial feedback in facial emotion recognition remains controversial, partly due to limitations of the existing methods to manipulate the activation of facial muscles, such as voluntary posing of facial expressions or holding a pen in the mouth. These procedures are indeed limited in their control over which muscles are (de)activated when and to what degree. To overcome these limitations and investigate in a more controlled way if facial emotion recognition is modulated by one's facial muscle activity, we used computer-controlled facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES). In a pre-registered EEG experiment, ambiguous facial expressions were categorised as happy or sad by 47 participants. In half of the trials, weak smiling was induced through fNMES delivered to the bilateral Zygomaticus Major muscle for 500 ms. The likelihood of categorising ambiguous facial expressions as happy was significantly increased with fNMES, as shown with frequentist and Bayesian linear mixed models. Further, fNMES resulted in a reduction of P1, N170 and LPP amplitudes. These findings suggest that fNMES-induced facial feedback can bias facial emotion recognition and modulate the neural correlates of face processing. We conclude that fNMES has potential as a tool for studying the effects of facial feedback.

通过面部神经肌肉电刺激(fNMES)激活颧骨可诱导模糊面部表情中的幸福感,并影响面部加工的神经相关性。
面部反馈在面部情绪识别中的作用仍然存在争议,部分原因是现有的操纵面部肌肉激活的方法存在局限性,如自愿摆出面部表情或将笔含在嘴里。这些方法在控制哪些肌肉在何时以及在何种程度上被激活方面确实存在局限性。为了克服这些局限性,并以更可控的方式研究面部情绪识别是否会受到面部肌肉活动的调节,我们使用了计算机控制的面部神经肌肉电刺激(fNMES)。在预先登记的脑电图实验中,47 名参与者将模棱两可的面部表情归类为快乐或悲伤。在一半的实验中,通过对双侧颧骨大肌进行 500 毫秒的 fNMES 刺激,诱发了微弱的微笑。频繁模型和贝叶斯线性混合模型显示,在使用 fNMES 的情况下,将模棱两可的面部表情归类为快乐的可能性显著增加。此外,fNMES 还会降低 P1、N170 和 LPP 的振幅。这些发现表明,fNMES 引起的面部反馈会使面部情绪识别出现偏差,并调节面部加工的神经相关性。我们的结论是,fNMES 有可能成为研究面部反馈效应的一种工具。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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