COVID-19 passenger screening to reduce travel risk and translocation of disease.

IF 2.5 4区 医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Lindsay L Waite, Ahmad Nahhas, Jan Irvahn, Grace Garden, Caroline M Kerfonta, Elizabeth Killelea, William Ferng, Joshua J Cummins, Rebecca Mereness, Thomas Austin, Stephen Jones, Nels Olson, Mark Wilson, Benson Isaac, Craig A Pepper, Iain S Koolhof, Jason Armstrong
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Abstract

Aviation passenger screening has been used worldwide to mitigate the translocation risk of SARS-CoV-2. We present a model that evaluates factors in screening strategies used in air travel and assess their relative sensitivity and importance in identifying infectious passengers. We use adapted Monte Carlo simulations to produce hypothetical disease timelines for the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 for travelling passengers. Screening strategy factors assessed include having one or two RT-PCR and/or antigen tests prior to departure and/or post-arrival, and quarantine length and compliance upon arrival. One or more post-arrival tests and high quarantine compliance were the most important factors in reducing pathogen translocation. Screening that combines quarantine and post-arrival testing can shorten the length of quarantine for travelers, and variability and mean testing sensitivity in post-arrival RT-PCR and antigen tests decrease and increase with the greater time between the first and second post-arrival test, respectively. This study provides insight into the role various screening strategy factors have in preventing the translocation of infectious diseases and a flexible framework adaptable to other existing or emerging diseases. Such findings may help in public health policy and decision-making in present and future evidence-based practices for passenger screening and pandemic preparedness.

COVID-19 乘客筛查,降低旅行风险和疾病传播。
为降低 SARS-CoV-2 的传播风险,全世界都在使用航空旅客筛查。我们提出了一个模型,该模型评估了航空旅行中使用的筛查策略中的各种因素,并评估了这些因素在识别感染性乘客方面的相对敏感性和重要性。我们使用经过调整的蒙特卡洛模拟,为旅行乘客制作 SARS-CoV-2 的 Omicron 变体的假定疾病时间表。评估的筛查策略因素包括出发前和/或抵达后进行一到两次 RT-PCR 和/或抗原检测,以及抵达后的检疫时间和遵守情况。一次或多次抵达后检测以及检疫依从性高是减少病原体转移的最重要因素。结合检疫和抵达后检测的筛查可缩短旅行者的检疫时间,抵达后 RT-PCR 和抗原检测的变异性和平均检测灵敏度分别随着抵达后第一次和第二次检测之间的时间间隔延长而降低和提高。这项研究深入探讨了各种筛查策略因素在防止传染病转移方面的作用,并提供了一个灵活的框架,可适用于其他现有或新出现的疾病。这些研究结果可能有助于公共卫生政策的制定和决策,在当前和未来的乘客筛查和大流行病防备中采取循证做法。
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来源期刊
Epidemiology and Infection
Epidemiology and Infection 医学-传染病学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
2.40%
发文量
366
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Epidemiology & Infection publishes original reports and reviews on all aspects of infection in humans and animals. Particular emphasis is given to the epidemiology, prevention and control of infectious diseases. The scope covers the zoonoses, outbreaks, food hygiene, vaccine studies, statistics and the clinical, social and public-health aspects of infectious disease, as well as some tropical infections. It has become the key international periodical in which to find the latest reports on recently discovered infections and new technology. For those concerned with policy and planning for the control of infections, the papers on mathematical modelling of epidemics caused by historical, current and emergent infections are of particular value.
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