Density of host-seeking Ixodes scapularis nymphs by region, state, and county in the contiguous United States generated through national tick surveillance

IF 3.1 2区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Erik Foster, Karen M. Holcomb, Rebecca J. Eisen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The majority of vector-borne disease cases reported annually in the United States are caused by pathogens spread by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis. The number and geographic distribution of cases have increased as the geographic range and abundance of the tick have expanded in recent decades. A large proportion of Lyme disease and other I. scapularis-borne diseases are associated with nymphal tick bites; likelihood of such bites generally increases with increasing nymphal densities. National tick surveillance was initiated in 2018 to track changes in the distribution and abundance of medically important ticks at the county spatial scale throughout the United States. Tick surveillance records, including historical data collected prior to the initiation of the national program, are collated in the ArboNET Tick Module database. Through exploration of ArboNET Tick Module data, we found that efforts to quantify the density of host-seeking I. scapularis nymphs (DON) were unevenly distributed among geographic regions with the greatest proportion of counties sampled in the Northeast and Upper Midwest. Submissions covering tick collections from 2004 through 2022 revealed extensive variation in DON estimates at collection site, county, state, and regional spatial scales. Throughout the entire study period, county DON estimates ranged from 0.0 to 488.5 nymphs/1,000 m2. Although substantial variation was recorded within regions, DON estimates were greatest in the Northeast, Upper Midwest, and northern states within the Southeast regions (Virginia and North Carolina); densities were intermediate in the Ohio Valley and very low in the South and Northern Rockies and Plains regions. The proportion of counties classified as moderate or high DON was greater in the Northeast, Ohio Valley, and Southeast regions during the 2004 through 2017 time period (prior to initiation of the national tick surveillance program) compared to 2018 through 2022; DON estimates remained similarly low between these time periods in the South and the Northern Rockies and Plains regions. Despite the limitations described herein, the ArboNET Tick Module provides useful data for tracking changes in acarological risk across multiple geographic scales and long periods of time.

通过全国蜱虫监测得出的美国各地区、州和县寻找宿主的蜱虫若虫密度
美国每年报告的病媒传播疾病病例大多是由黑腿蜱传播的病原体引起的。近几十年来,随着黑腿蜱地理分布范围和数量的扩大,病例的数量和地理分布也在增加。莱姆病和其他由黑腿蜱传播的疾病有很大一部分与蜱虫若虫叮咬有关;这种叮咬的可能性通常会随着若虫密度的增加而增加。2018 年启动了全国蜱虫监测,以跟踪全美县级空间范围内具有重要医学意义的蜱虫分布和丰度的变化。蜱虫监测记录,包括国家计划启动前收集的历史数据,都整理在 ArboNET 蜱虫模块数据库中。通过对 ArboNET Tick 模块数据的研究,我们发现对寻找宿主的 I. scapularis 若虫(DON)密度进行量化的工作在地理区域间分布不均,东北部和上中西部的采样县所占比例最大。从 2004 年到 2022 年的蜱虫采集结果显示,采集地点、县、州和地区空间尺度上的 DON 估计值差异很大。在整个研究期间,各县的 DON 估计值从 0.0 到 488.5 若虫/1,000 平方米不等。虽然各地区之间的差异很大,但东北部、中西部上游和东南部地区北部各州(弗吉尼亚州和北卡罗来纳州)的 DON 估计值最大;俄亥俄河谷的密度居中,南部、落基山脉北部和平原地区的密度很低。与 2018 年至 2022 年相比,2004 年至 2017 年期间(国家蜱虫监测计划启动之前),东北部、俄亥俄河谷和东南部地区被归类为中度或高度 DON 的县的比例更高;在这些时间段之间,南部、北落基山脉和平原地区的 DON 估计值同样保持在较低水平。尽管存在本文所述的局限性,ArboNET蜱模块仍能提供有用的数据,用于跟踪多个地理尺度和长时间内的虫害风险变化。
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来源期刊
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases INFECTIOUS DISEASES-MICROBIOLOGY
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
12.50%
发文量
185
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases is an international, peer-reviewed scientific journal. It publishes original research papers, short communications, state-of-the-art mini-reviews, letters to the editor, clinical-case studies, announcements of pertinent international meetings, and editorials. The journal covers a broad spectrum and brings together various disciplines, for example, zoology, microbiology, molecular biology, genetics, mathematical modelling, veterinary and human medicine. Multidisciplinary approaches and the use of conventional and novel methods/methodologies (in the field and in the laboratory) are crucial for deeper understanding of the natural processes and human behaviour/activities that result in human or animal diseases and in economic effects of ticks and tick-borne pathogens. Such understanding is essential for management of tick populations and tick-borne diseases in an effective and environmentally acceptable manner.
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