Comparison of structural effects of cholesterol, lanosterol, and oxysterol on phospholipid (POPC) bilayers

IF 3.4 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Ayumi Okayama, Tatsuya Hoshino, Kohei Wada, Hiroshi Takahashi
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Abstract

Membrane sterols contribute to the function of biomembranes by regulating the physical properties of the lipid bilayers. Cholesterol, a typical mammalian sterol, is biosynthesized by oxidation of lanosterol. From a molecular evolutionary perspective, lanosterol is considered the ancestral molecule of cholesterol. Here, we studied whether cholesterol is superior to lanosterol in regulating the physical properties of the lipid bilayer in terms of the structural effect on model biomembranes composed of a phospholipid. For comparison, oxysterol, which is formed by oxidation of cholesterol, was also studied. The phospholipid used was 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), which is abundantly found in mammalian biomembranes, and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, which is highly cytotoxic, was used as the oxysterol. The apparent molecular volume was calculated from the mass density determined by the flotation method using H2O and D2O, and the bilayer thickness was determined by reconstructing the electron density distribution from X-ray diffraction data of the POPC/sterol mixtures at a sterol concentration of 30 mol%. The apparent occupied area at the bilayer surface was calculated from the above two structural data. The cholesterol system had the thickest bilayer thickness and the smallest occupied area of the three sterols studied here. This indicates that the POPC/cholesterol bilayer has a better barrier property than the other two systems. Compared to cholesterol, the effects of lanosterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol on lipid bilayer properties can be interpreted as suboptimal for the function of mammalian biomembranes.

Abstract Image

胆固醇、羊毛甾醇和氧基甾醇对磷脂 (POPC) 双层的结构效应比较
膜固醇通过调节脂质双分子层的物理特性来促进生物膜的功能。胆固醇是一种典型的哺乳动物固醇,是通过氧化羊毛甾醇而生物合成的。从分子进化的角度来看,羊毛甾醇被认为是胆固醇的祖先分子。在这里,我们研究了胆固醇是否比羊毛甾醇更能调节脂质双分子层的物理特性,即对由磷脂组成的模型生物膜的结构影响。为了进行比较,还对胆固醇氧化形成的氧甾醇进行了研究。使用的磷脂是哺乳动物生物膜中大量存在的 1-棕榈酰-2-油酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酰胆碱(POPC),而 7β- 羟基胆固醇具有很强的细胞毒性,被用作氧杂环醇。表观分子体积是通过使用 H2O 和 D2O 的浮选法测定的质量密度计算得出的,双分子层厚度是通过重建固醇浓度为 30 摩尔%时 POPC/固醇混合物的 X 射线衍射数据的电子密度分布确定的。根据上述两个结构数据计算出了双分子层表面的表观占据面积。在本文研究的三种固醇中,胆固醇体系的双分子层厚度最厚,占据面积最小。这表明 POPC/胆固醇双分子层比其他两种体系具有更好的阻隔特性。与胆固醇相比,羊毛甾醇和 7β- 羟基胆固醇对脂质双分子层特性的影响可以解释为对哺乳动物生物膜的功能来说是次优的。
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来源期刊
Chemistry and Physics of Lipids
Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
7.60
自引率
2.90%
发文量
50
审稿时长
40 days
期刊介绍: Chemistry and Physics of Lipids publishes research papers and review articles on chemical and physical aspects of lipids with primary emphasis on the relationship of these properties to biological functions and to biomedical applications. Accordingly, the journal covers: advances in synthetic and analytical lipid methodology; mass-spectrometry of lipids; chemical and physical characterisation of isolated structures; thermodynamics, phase behaviour, topology and dynamics of lipid assemblies; physicochemical studies into lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions in lipoproteins and in natural and model membranes; movement of lipids within, across and between membranes; intracellular lipid transfer; structure-function relationships and the nature of lipid-derived second messengers; chemical, physical and functional alterations of lipids induced by free radicals; enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms of lipid peroxidation in cells, tissues, biofluids; oxidative lipidomics; and the role of lipids in the regulation of membrane-dependent biological processes.
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