Maura S McGraw, Sandeep K Rajput, Bradford W Daigneault
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In brief
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a critical regulator of placental function, but earlier roles in preimplantation embryo development and embryonic origins of placental formation have not been established. Results herein demonstrate that PPARG responds to pharmacologic stimulation in the bovine preimplantation embryo and influences blastocyst development, cell lineage specification, and transcripts important for placental function.
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a key regulator of metabolism with conserved roles that are indispensable for placental function, suggesting previously unidentified and important roles in preimplantation embryo development. Herein, we report the functional characterization of bovine PPARG to reveal expression beginning on D6 of development with nuclear and ubiquitous patterns. Day 6 PPARG+ embryos have fewer total cells and a lower proportion of trophectoderm cells compared to PPARG− embryos (P < 0.05). Coculture with a PPARG agonist, rosiglitazone (Ros), or antagonist GW9662 (GW), decreases blastocyst development (P < 0.01). Day 7.5 (D7.5) developmentally delayed embryos exposed to Ros express lower transcript abundance of key genes important for placental development and cell lineage formation (CDX2, RXRB, SP1, TFAP2C, SIRT1, and PTEN). In contrast, Ros does not alter transcript abundance in D7.5 blastocysts, but GW treatment lowers RXRA, RXRB, SP1, and NFKB1 expression. Knockout of embryonic PPARG does not alter blastocyst formation and hatching ability but decreases total cell number in D7.5 blastocysts. The decreased embryo development response and affected pathways following targeted pharmacological perturbation vs embryonic knockout of PPARG suggest roles of both maternal and embryonic origins. These data reveal regulatory contributions of PPARG in preimplantation embryo development, cell lineage formation, and regulation of transcripts associated with placental function.
期刊介绍：
Reproduction is the official journal of the Society of Reproduction and Fertility (SRF). It was formed in 2001 when the Society merged its two journals, the Journal of Reproduction and Fertility and Reviews of Reproduction.
Reproduction publishes original research articles and topical reviews on the subject of reproductive and developmental biology, and reproductive medicine. The journal will consider publication of high-quality meta-analyses; these should be submitted to the research papers category. The journal considers studies in humans and all animal species, and will publish clinical studies if they advance our understanding of the underlying causes and/or mechanisms of disease.
Scientific excellence and broad interest to our readership are the most important criteria during the peer review process. The journal publishes articles that make a clear advance in the field, whether of mechanistic, descriptive or technical focus. Articles that substantiate new or controversial reports are welcomed if they are noteworthy and advance the field. Topics include, but are not limited to, reproductive immunology, reproductive toxicology, stem cells, environmental effects on reproductive potential and health (eg obesity), extracellular vesicles, fertility preservation and epigenetic effects on reproductive and developmental processes.
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