A global synthesis of predation on bivalves

IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY
Alexandra Meira, James E. Byers, Ronaldo Sousa
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Predation is a dominant structuring force in ecological communities. In aquatic environments, predation on bivalves has long been an important focal interaction for ecological study because bivalves have central roles as ecosystem engineers, basal components of food webs, and commercial commodities. Studies of bivalves are common, not only because of bivalves' central roles, but also due to the relative ease of studying predatory effects on this taxonomic group. To understand patterns in the interactions of bivalves and their predators we synthesised data from 52 years of peer-reviewed studies on bivalve predation. Using a systematic search, we compiled 1334 studies from 75 countries, comprising 61 bivalve families (N = 2259), dominated by Mytilidae (29% of bivalves), Veneridae (14%), Ostreidae (8%), Unionidae (7%), and Dreissenidae and Tellinidae (6% each). A total of 2036 predators were studied, with crustaceans the most studied predator group (34% of predators), followed by fishes (24%), molluscs (17%), echinoderms (10%) and birds (6%). The majority of studies (86%) were conducted in marine systems, in part driven by the high commercial value of marine bivalves. Studies in freshwater ecosystems were dominated by non-native bivalves and non-native predator species, which probably reflects the important role of biological invasions affecting freshwater biodiversity. In fact, while 81% of the studied marine bivalve species were native, only 50% of the freshwater species were native to the system.

In terms of approach, most studies used predation trials, visual analysis of digested contents and exclusion experiments to assess the effects of predation. These studies reflect that many factors influence bivalve predation depending on the species studied, including (i) species traits (e.g. behaviour, morphology, defence mechanisms), (ii) other biotic interactions (e.g. presence of competitors, parasites or diseases), and (iii) environmental context (e.g. temperature, current velocity, beach exposure, habitat complexity). There is a lack of research on the effects of bivalve predation at the population and community and ecosystem levels (only 7% and 0.5% of studies respectively examined impacts at these levels). At the population level, the available studies demonstrate that predation can decrease bivalve density through consumption or the reduction of recruitment. At the community and ecosystem level, predation can trigger effects that cascade through trophic levels or effects that alter the ecological functions bivalves perform. Given the conservation and commercial importance of many bivalve species, studies of predation should be pursued in the context of global change, particularly climate change, acidification and biological invasions.

全球双壳类动物捕食情况综述。
捕食是生态群落的主要结构力量。在水生环境中,对双壳类动物的捕食长期以来一直是生态学研究的一个重要焦点,因为双壳类动物作为生态系统的工程师、食物网的基本组成部分和商业商品发挥着核心作用。对双壳类动物的研究很常见,这不仅是因为双壳类动物的核心作用,而且还因为研究捕食对这一分类群的影响相对容易。为了了解双壳类动物与其捕食者之间的互动模式,我们综合了 52 年来同行评审的双壳类动物捕食研究数据。通过系统性搜索,我们汇编了来自 75 个国家的 1334 项研究,包括 61 个双壳类科(N = 2259),主要是贻贝科(占双壳类的 29%)、瓣鳃纲(14%)、蚝科(8%)、联盟科(7%)以及蝶形目(Dreissenidae)和碲科(Tellinidae)(各占 6%)。共研究了 2036 种食肉动物,甲壳类是研究最多的食肉动物类群(占 34%),其次是鱼类(24%)、软体动物(17%)、棘皮动物(10%)和鸟类(6%)。大多数研究(86%)是在海洋系统中进行的,部分原因是海洋双壳类动物具有很高的商业价值。对淡水生态系统的研究则以非本地双壳类动物和非本地捕食物种为主,这可能反映了生物入侵对淡水生物多样性的重要影响。事实上,所研究的海洋双壳类动物中有 81% 是本地物种,而淡水物种中只有 50% 是该系统的本地物种。在方法上,大多数研究采用捕食试验、消化内容物目测分析和排除实验来评估捕食的影响。这些研究表明,根据研究物种的不同,影响双壳类动物捕食的因素有很多,包括(i)物种特征(如行为、形态、防御机制),(ii)其他生物相互作用(如存在竞争者、寄生虫或疾病),以及(iii)环境背景(如温度、流速、海滩暴露程度、生境复杂性)。关于双壳类动物捕食在种群、群落和生态系统层面的影响的研究还很缺乏(分别只有 7% 和 0.5% 的研究考察了这些层面的影响)。在种群层面,现有的研究表明,捕食会通过消耗或减少繁殖来降低双壳类动物的密度。在群落和生态系统层面,捕食会引发营养级的连锁效应,或改变双壳类动物的生态功能。鉴于许多双壳类物种在保护和商业上的重要性,应结合全球变化,尤其是气候变化、酸化和生物入侵,继续开展捕食研究。
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来源期刊
Biological Reviews
Biological Reviews 生物-生物学
CiteScore
21.30
自引率
2.00%
发文量
99
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Biological Reviews is a scientific journal that covers a wide range of topics in the biological sciences. It publishes several review articles per issue, which are aimed at both non-specialist biologists and researchers in the field. The articles are scholarly and include extensive bibliographies. Authors are instructed to be aware of the diverse readership and write their articles accordingly. The reviews in Biological Reviews serve as comprehensive introductions to specific fields, presenting the current state of the art and highlighting gaps in knowledge. Each article can be up to 20,000 words long and includes an abstract, a thorough introduction, and a statement of conclusions. The journal focuses on publishing synthetic reviews, which are based on existing literature and address important biological questions. These reviews are interesting to a broad readership and are timely, often related to fast-moving fields or new discoveries. A key aspect of a synthetic review is that it goes beyond simply compiling information and instead analyzes the collected data to create a new theoretical or conceptual framework that can significantly impact the field. Biological Reviews is abstracted and indexed in various databases, including Abstracts on Hygiene & Communicable Diseases, Academic Search, AgBiotech News & Information, AgBiotechNet, AGRICOLA Database, GeoRef, Global Health, SCOPUS, Weed Abstracts, and Reaction Citation Index, among others.
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