Crearea plantației-mamă de categoria „Prebază” din genul V. Vinifera prin selecție fitosanitară

Abstract

Phytosanitary selection is a means of eliminating diseased individuals with negative traits, preventing the spread of diseases, and selecting plants that are less susceptible to diseases, which greatly ensures the increase in productivity and quality of grape production. All stages of phytosanitary selection have been carried out: visual observation, biotype testing, sanitation of selected plants, multiplication through in vitro culture, growth and fortification of plants in greenhouse conditions, which allowed obtaining virus-free, phytoplasma-free and bacterial cancer-free grapevine clones from 14 mass and 19 technical varieties (phytosanitary clones). The results of biotype testing showed a widespread distribution of virotic diseases and bacterial cancer in asymptomatic form: Grapevine fleck (15–65%), Rhizobium vitis (26–44%), GLRaV-1 (8–26%), GLRaV-3 (7–39%). Of the biotypes with negative tests, 6 from native varieties, 6 from European varieties, 23 from new selections and 2 forms were selected. For the sanitation of the selected material after testing, thermotherapy was applied at to 51 oC for 45 min. Thanks to the in vitro method, 7 239 grapevine clones from native, European and new selection varieties were multiplied, with which the mother plantation of the nuclear stock was founded. Thus, the first step in the process of transferring viticulture from the Republic of Moldova based on certified planting material has been achieved.