{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of the contribution of underground space to urban resilience: A case study in China","authors":"Si-Cong Liu, Fang-Le Peng, Yong-Kang Qiao, Yun-Hao Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2023.11.007","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban underground space (UUS) development has been acknowledged as a positive contribution to urban resilience (UR). Such contribution has been qualitatively addressed in recent years, but only quantitatively discussed in few studies. Quantitative evaluation methods for UR are widely used in China and around the world, but the role of underground space is barely included. This paper provides a way to bridge this gap on the city scale. A UR evaluation framework was carefully constructed that covers the basic aspects and elements of UR. The contributions of UUS to UR were identified and integrated into the UR evaluation framework, and the measurement methods for each indicator related to UUS were determined. A case study of 19 sample cities in China were conducted using the integrated evaluation model. Correlation analysis and clustering analysis were further adopted to interpret the evaluation results, mainly with three indicators reflecting the level of UUS development, namely UUS area (m<sup>2</sup>), UUS density (10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/km<sup>2</sup>) and UUS area per capita (m<sup>2</sup>/person). The results showed a strong correlation between UUS area and UR. The average proportion of UR provided by UUS in the 19 sample cities was 16.46%, while the maximum figure reached 29.20%. The sample cities were clustered into four categories based on the relationship between the proportion of UR provided by UUS, UUS area, and GDP per capita, where both high and low UUS area tend to provide less proportion of resilience than the medium UUS area. Corresponding suggestions for UUS utilization were proposed to assist cities in achieving urban resilience.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467967424000059/pdfft?md5=d8090d8c08f06efa9fb39e27b3aff3f9&pid=1-s2.0-S2467967424000059-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Underground Space","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467967424000059","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CIVIL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Urban underground space (UUS) development has been acknowledged as a positive contribution to urban resilience (UR). Such contribution has been qualitatively addressed in recent years, but only quantitatively discussed in few studies. Quantitative evaluation methods for UR are widely used in China and around the world, but the role of underground space is barely included. This paper provides a way to bridge this gap on the city scale. A UR evaluation framework was carefully constructed that covers the basic aspects and elements of UR. The contributions of UUS to UR were identified and integrated into the UR evaluation framework, and the measurement methods for each indicator related to UUS were determined. A case study of 19 sample cities in China were conducted using the integrated evaluation model. Correlation analysis and clustering analysis were further adopted to interpret the evaluation results, mainly with three indicators reflecting the level of UUS development, namely UUS area (m2), UUS density (104 m2/km2) and UUS area per capita (m2/person). The results showed a strong correlation between UUS area and UR. The average proportion of UR provided by UUS in the 19 sample cities was 16.46%, while the maximum figure reached 29.20%. The sample cities were clustered into four categories based on the relationship between the proportion of UR provided by UUS, UUS area, and GDP per capita, where both high and low UUS area tend to provide less proportion of resilience than the medium UUS area. Corresponding suggestions for UUS utilization were proposed to assist cities in achieving urban resilience.
城市地下空间（UUS）的开发被认为是对城市恢复力（UR）的积极贡献。近年来，人们对这种贡献进行了定性研究，但只有少数研究对其进行了定量讨论。城市抗灾能力的定量评估方法在中国和世界范围内得到广泛应用，但地下空间的作用几乎未被纳入其中。本文提供了一种在城市尺度上弥合这一差距的方法。本文精心构建了城市综合体评价框架，涵盖了城市综合体的基本方面和要素。确定了地下空间对城市发展的贡献，并将其纳入城市发展评价框架，还确定了与地下空间相关的各项指标的测量方法。利用综合评价模型对中国 19 个样本城市进行了案例研究。并进一步采用相关分析和聚类分析对评价结果进行解释，主要采用了反映 UUS 发展水平的三个指标，即 UUS 面积（m2）、UUS 密度（104 m2/km2）和人均 UUS 面积（m2/人）。结果表明，UUS 面积与 UR 之间存在很强的相关性。在 19 个样本城市中，UUS 提供的 UR 比例平均为 16.46%，最高达到 29.20%。根据 UUS 提供的 UR 比例、UUS 面积和人均 GDP 之间的关系，样本城市被分为四类，其中高 UUS 面积和低 UUS 面积提供的弹性比例往往低于中等 UUS 面积。为帮助城市实现城市韧性，提出了相应的 UUS 利用建议。
期刊介绍：
Underground Space is an open access international journal without article processing charges (APC) committed to serving as a scientific forum for researchers and practitioners in the field of underground engineering. The journal welcomes manuscripts that deal with original theories, methods, technologies, and important applications throughout the life-cycle of underground projects, including planning, design, operation and maintenance, disaster prevention, and demolition. The journal is particularly interested in manuscripts related to the latest development of smart underground engineering from the perspectives of resilience, resources saving, environmental friendliness, humanity, and artificial intelligence. The manuscripts are expected to have significant innovation and potential impact in the field of underground engineering, and should have clear association with or application in underground projects.
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