{"title":"The Russian Movement of the 1960–1980s","authors":"A. Minakov","doi":"10.53822/2712-9276-2023-3-98-123","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This article is dedicated to the phenomenon of the Russian movement in the second half of the 20th century — the successors of the political programs of pre‑revolutionary conservatives and post‑revolutionary emigrant conservative thinkers that emerged in the 1960s in the USSR. In this sense, the Russian movement, mainly consisting of dissidents and having an anti‑communist orientation, is contrasted with the so‑called legal Russian party, which attempted to connect the values of pre‑revolutionary Russia with the Soviet period and see it as an organic continuation and embodiment of the former. The history and activities of the All‑Russian Society of Cultural and Historical Heritage and its members I. V. Ogurtsov, V. N. Osipov, and their self‑published journal “Veche”, as well as A.I. Solzhenitsyn and I. R. Shafarevich, are examined. The ideology of the All‑Russian Society of Cultural and Historical Heritage is analyzed, including its attitude towards revolution, economic positions, critique of Marxism‑Leninism, foundations of the desired Christian‑social corporative system, and program of Christianizing society. The key milestones in the history of the journal “Veche” and the almanac “Moscow Collection” are presented. The role of priest Dmitry Dudko in the development of the Russian movement is reviewed. Special attention in the article is given to A.I. Solzhenitsyn, whom the author considers the most influential and key figure in the Russian conservative movement of the second half of the 20th century. The ideological content of the collection “From Under the Rubble” is examined, with Solzhenitsyn and Shafarevich being the central authors. The author concludes that the organizational destruction of the Russian movement in the Soviet Union in the late 1970s and early 1980s predetermined the course of Russian history, paving the way for liberal‑Western forces preparing for the restructuring and radical reforms of the 1990s. As a result, during the critical period for the country from 1987 to 1993, the Russian movement did not produce any universally recognized leaders who could offer an alternative to the liberal course of the country. Nevertheless, the intellectual developments of the Russian movement in subsequent decades have been in demand within the conservative political camp and continue to be so to this day.","PeriodicalId":512431,"journal":{"name":"Orthodoxia","volume":" 108","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Orthodoxia","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.53822/2712-9276-2023-3-98-123","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This article is dedicated to the phenomenon of the Russian movement in the second half of the 20th century — the successors of the political programs of pre‑revolutionary conservatives and post‑revolutionary emigrant conservative thinkers that emerged in the 1960s in the USSR. In this sense, the Russian movement, mainly consisting of dissidents and having an anti‑communist orientation, is contrasted with the so‑called legal Russian party, which attempted to connect the values of pre‑revolutionary Russia with the Soviet period and see it as an organic continuation and embodiment of the former. The history and activities of the All‑Russian Society of Cultural and Historical Heritage and its members I. V. Ogurtsov, V. N. Osipov, and their self‑published journal “Veche”, as well as A.I. Solzhenitsyn and I. R. Shafarevich, are examined. The ideology of the All‑Russian Society of Cultural and Historical Heritage is analyzed, including its attitude towards revolution, economic positions, critique of Marxism‑Leninism, foundations of the desired Christian‑social corporative system, and program of Christianizing society. The key milestones in the history of the journal “Veche” and the almanac “Moscow Collection” are presented. The role of priest Dmitry Dudko in the development of the Russian movement is reviewed. Special attention in the article is given to A.I. Solzhenitsyn, whom the author considers the most influential and key figure in the Russian conservative movement of the second half of the 20th century. The ideological content of the collection “From Under the Rubble” is examined, with Solzhenitsyn and Shafarevich being the central authors. The author concludes that the organizational destruction of the Russian movement in the Soviet Union in the late 1970s and early 1980s predetermined the course of Russian history, paving the way for liberal‑Western forces preparing for the restructuring and radical reforms of the 1990s. As a result, during the critical period for the country from 1987 to 1993, the Russian movement did not produce any universally recognized leaders who could offer an alternative to the liberal course of the country. Nevertheless, the intellectual developments of the Russian movement in subsequent decades have been in demand within the conservative political camp and continue to be so to this day.
本文专门讨论 20 世纪下半叶的俄罗斯运动现象--革命前保守派和革命后移民保守派思想家政治纲领的继承者,这些思想家于 20 世纪 60 年代在苏联出现。在这个意义上,主要由持不同政见者组成、具有反共倾向的俄罗斯运动与所谓的合法俄罗斯党形成了对比,后者试图将革命前俄罗斯的价值观与苏联时期联系起来,并将其视为前者的有机延续和体现。研究了全俄文化和历史遗产协会的历史和活动及其成员 I. V. 奥古尔佐夫、V. N. 奥西波夫及其自办刊物《Veche》,以及 A. I. 索尔仁尼琴和 I. R. 沙法列维奇。分析了全俄文化和历史遗产协会的意识形态,包括其对革命的态度、经济立场、对马克思列宁主义的批判、理想的基督教-社会企业制度的基础以及基督教化社会的计划。介绍了《维切》杂志和年鉴《莫斯科文集》历史上的重要里程碑。文章回顾了德米特里-杜德科神父在俄罗斯运动发展中的作用。文章特别关注了 A.I.索尔仁尼琴,作者认为他是 20 世纪下半叶俄罗斯保守主义运动中最具影响力的关键人物。文章以索尔仁尼琴和沙法列维奇为中心,研究了《从废墟中走来》文集的思想内容。作者的结论是,20 世纪 70 年代末和 80 年代初苏联境内俄罗斯运动在组织上的毁灭预先决定了俄罗斯的历史进程,为准备在 20 世纪 90 年代进行重组和激进改革的自由西方势力铺平了道路。因此,在 1987 年至 1993 年这一国家的关键时期,俄罗斯运动并没有产生任何得到普遍认可的领导人,来替代国家的自由主义路线。尽管如此,俄罗斯运动在随后几十年中的思想发展一直受到保守派政治阵营的追捧,并延续至今。