Development of a targeted genotyping platform for reproducible results within tetraploid and hexaploid blueberry

Shaun J. Clare, Mandie Driskill, Timothy R. Millar, D. Chagné, S. Montanari, Susan Thomson, R. Espley, Patricio Muñoz, Juliana Benevenuto, Dongyan Zhao, Moira J. Sheehan, Molla F Mengist, Lisa J. Rowland, Hamid Ashrafi, Kalpalatha Melmaiee, Krishnanand P Kulkarni, E. Babiker, D. Main, J. Olmstead, Jessica L. Gilbert, P. Havlak, Hsiaoyi Hung, Joel Kniskern, David Percival, Patrick Edger, Massimo Iorizzo, N. Bassil
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Abstract

Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) is one of the most economically important berry crops worldwide. Validation of genetic mapping studies is often hindered by asynchronous marker technology. The development of a standardized genotyping platform that targets a specific set of polymorphic loci can be a practical solution to unify the scientific and breeding community toward blueberry improvement. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a targeted genotyping platform for cultivated blueberries that is affordable, reproducible, and sufficiently high density to warrant large-scale adoption for genomic studies. The Flex-Seq platform was developed in a two-step procedure that resulted in 22,000 loci that yielded 194,365 single nucleotide polymorphisms when assessed in a diversity set of 192 samples including cultivated and other related wild Vaccinium species. Locus recovery averaged 89.4% in the cultivated polyploid blueberry (northern highbush [NHB], southern highbush [SHB], and rabbiteye [RE]) and on average 88.8% were polymorphic. While recovery of these loci was lower in the other Vaccinium species assayed, recovery remained high and ranged between 60.8% and 70.4% depending on the taxonomic distance to the cultivated blueberry targeted in this platform. NHB had the highest mean number of variants per locus at 9.7, followed by RE with 9.1, SHB with 8.5, and a range between 7.7 and 8.5 in other species. As expected, the total number of unique-in-state haplotypes exceeded the total number of variants in the domesticated blueberries. Phylogenetic analysis using a subset of the SNPs and haplotypes mostly conformed to known relationships. The platform also offers flexibility about the number of loci, depth of sequencing for accurate dosage calling, loci and haplotype reconstruction from increased fragment length. This genotyping platform will accelerate the development and improvement of blueberry cultivars through genomic-assisted breeding tools.
开发目标基因分型平台,实现四倍体和六倍体蓝莓结果的可重复性
蓝莓(越橘属)是全球经济上最重要的浆果作物之一。基因图谱研究的验证往往受到异步标记技术的阻碍。开发一个针对特定多态性位点的标准化基因分型平台是一个切实可行的解决方案,可将科学界和育种界统一起来,共同致力于蓝莓的改良。本研究的目的是为栽培蓝莓开发和评估一种有针对性的基因分型平台,该平台价格低廉、重现性好、密度高,足以保证基因组研究的大规模采用。Flex-Seq 平台通过两步程序开发而成,在对 192 个样本(包括栽培品种和其他相关野生越橘物种)的多样性集进行评估时,产生了 22,000 个位点,194,365 个单核苷酸多态性。在栽培多倍体蓝莓(北方高丛蓝莓[NHB]、南方高丛蓝莓[SHB]和兔眼蓝莓[RE])中,位点恢复率平均为 89.4%,多态性平均为 88.8%。虽然这些位点在其他越橘品种中的恢复率较低,但恢复率仍然很高,根据与本平台所针对的栽培蓝莓在分类学上的距离,恢复率介于 60.8% 与 70.4% 之间。NHB 每个位点的平均变异数最高,为 9.7 个,其次是 RE,为 9.1 个,SHB 为 8.5 个,其他物种的变异数在 7.7 至 8.5 之间。不出所料,在驯化蓝莓中,独特状态单倍型的总数超过了变异总数。使用 SNP 和单倍型子集进行的系统发育分析大多符合已知的关系。该平台还能灵活处理位点数量、测序深度以实现准确的剂量调用、从增加的片段长度重建位点和单倍型。该基因分型平台将通过基因组辅助育种工具加速蓝莓栽培品种的开发和改良。
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