Mukut Raj, Manu Priya, Hemant Kumar Singh, Suryakanta Swain
{"title":"Cancer death scenario: A brief concept on cancer related deaths","authors":"Mukut Raj, Manu Priya, Hemant Kumar Singh, Suryakanta Swain","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.043","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"A mass of aberrant tissue that has grown as a result of excessive, autonomous, and uncontrolled cell proliferation is known as a cancer, neoplasm, or tumour. The loss of the cell's regulatory system and an aberrant chromosome or DNA mutation are both contributing factors to this condition. Neoplasm refers to new growth, and neoplasia refers to the process of cell proliferation. Oncology, which derives from the Greek words oncos, which means tumour, and logos, which means study, is the area of medicine that deals with the thorough examination of a neoplasm (tumour), as well as its growth, diagnosis, and treatment. Generally, all malignant tumours are referred to as cancer. A safe and effective alternative for the treatment of tumours that produce granular exocytosis (perforin and granzymes) and death and do not respond to conventional treatment, cancer immunotherapy has emerged in recent years as two primary pathways implicated in CL-mediated tumour cell death. Treatments, including various ligand kinds, are briefly discussed before a comprehensive analysis of high aggressiveness. New immune modulators include immunotherapy, CTLA-4 blockers (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes unsupervised), and drugs involved in cell death during immunological cancer. Due to metastases from neighbouring organs and coexisting conditions such cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, primary liver cancer is challenging to precisely diagnose after death. By altering the base rate or by influencing risk modification by sex and age, trends in diagnostic accuracy may have an impact on estimates of the radiation risk for liver cancer.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.043","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
A mass of aberrant tissue that has grown as a result of excessive, autonomous, and uncontrolled cell proliferation is known as a cancer, neoplasm, or tumour. The loss of the cell's regulatory system and an aberrant chromosome or DNA mutation are both contributing factors to this condition. Neoplasm refers to new growth, and neoplasia refers to the process of cell proliferation. Oncology, which derives from the Greek words oncos, which means tumour, and logos, which means study, is the area of medicine that deals with the thorough examination of a neoplasm (tumour), as well as its growth, diagnosis, and treatment. Generally, all malignant tumours are referred to as cancer. A safe and effective alternative for the treatment of tumours that produce granular exocytosis (perforin and granzymes) and death and do not respond to conventional treatment, cancer immunotherapy has emerged in recent years as two primary pathways implicated in CL-mediated tumour cell death. Treatments, including various ligand kinds, are briefly discussed before a comprehensive analysis of high aggressiveness. New immune modulators include immunotherapy, CTLA-4 blockers (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes unsupervised), and drugs involved in cell death during immunological cancer. Due to metastases from neighbouring organs and coexisting conditions such cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, primary liver cancer is challenging to precisely diagnose after death. By altering the base rate or by influencing risk modification by sex and age, trends in diagnostic accuracy may have an impact on estimates of the radiation risk for liver cancer.
由于细胞过度、自主和不受控制的增殖而形成的大量异常组织被称为癌症、肿瘤或瘤。细胞调节系统的缺失和染色体或 DNA 的异常突变都是导致这种情况的因素。肿瘤指的是新的生长,而新生物指的是细胞增殖的过程。肿瘤学(Oncology)源于希腊语 oncos(肿瘤)和 logos(研究),是医学领域中对肿瘤(neoplasm)及其生长、诊断和治疗进行彻底检查的学科。一般来说,所有恶性肿瘤都被称为癌症。癌症免疫疗法是治疗产生颗粒外渗(穿孔素和颗粒酶)和死亡且对常规治疗无效的肿瘤的一种安全有效的替代疗法,近年来,癌症免疫疗法已成为牵涉到CL介导的肿瘤细胞死亡的两个主要途径。在对高侵袭性进行全面分析之前,将简要讨论包括各种配体在内的治疗方法。新的免疫调节剂包括免疫疗法、CTLA-4阻断剂(细胞毒性T淋巴细胞不受监督)以及参与免疫性癌症期间细胞死亡的药物。由于邻近器官的转移以及肝硬化和慢性肝炎等并存病症,原发性肝癌死后的精确诊断具有挑战性。通过改变基准率或影响性别和年龄的风险修正,诊断准确性的趋势可能会对肝癌辐射风险的估算产生影响。