Roles of support NGOs for migration between the Philippines and Japan: Focusing on the experiences of migrant women and Japanese–Filipino Children

Abstract

Over the last 3 decades, the emergence of Japanese–Filipino children, born from the presence of female entertainers holding the “entertainer” residency status, has profoundly shaped the dynamic movement of individuals between Japan and the Philippines. These distinctive migration patterns have been regarded as noteworthy “social issues” within both Japanese and Philippine contexts. This study aims to illuminate the multifaceted roles assumed by support organizations in addressing this phenomenon. This article draws from collaborative research conducted with three prominent organizations primarily located in the Philippines, dedicated to providing assistance and empowerment to Japanese–Filipino children and their mothers. This paper delves into the diverse functions that support organizations undertake within the context of migration between these two countries. In summary, this paper discerns several key roles that support organizations have undertaken in the migration between Japan and the Philippines. First, these NGOs contribute to shaping the discourse surrounding the challenges associated with entertainers and Japanese–Filipino children, thus influencing perceptions of these issues. Second, these support organizations serve as transformative spaces for former entertainer women returning to their home countries, aiding them and their offspring in undergoing identity shifts and personal growth. Finally, while these organizations strive to combat human trafficking and exploitative migration, unintended consequences have led to the direct and/or indirect mediation of the younger generation's movement to Japan. In essence, this research underscores the intricate roles that support organizations play in mediating the intricate web of migration dynamics between Japan and the Philippines.