Preparation of biochar adsorption material from walnut shell by supercritical CO2 pretreatment

IF 13.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Biochar Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI:10.1007/s42773-024-00302-9

Zitong Zhuang, Yanbing Liu, Wenwen Wei, Jinwen Shi, Hui Jin

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Abstract

In order to treat dyes in the wastewater of the printing industry and to reutilize walnut shell (WS) waste generate economic benefits, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) pretreatment technology was developed to prepare porous biochar as a precursor for adsorption material. Orthogonal experiments were conducted at the temperatures of 200, 300, and 400 ℃ with durations of 20, 40, and 60 min, and a control group was set up using N₂ pretreatment. Then, KOH activation was employed to prepare biochar adsorption material. The biochars were analyzed and characterized using TGA, BET, SEM, FT-IR, and XRD, and the liquid and gas phase products of the pretreatment process were analyzed semi-quantitatively and quantitatively using GC–MS and gas chromatography. Methylene blue (MB) dye was selected as an indicator to measure the adsorption capacity of biochar, and adsorption kinetics were analyzed based on the data. The results indicate that pretreatment with SC-CO₂ effectively enhanced the performance and yield of the activated carbon. The highest specific surface area increased by 18%, and the maximum adsorption of MB increased by 23% compared to the N₂ control group. The yield increased by 8–262% and the specific surface area increased by 50–192% compared to the direct activation of walnut shell (WS). During the pretreatment processes for the preparation of biochar adsorption material with the best specific surface area, phenol-enriched bio-oil was produced as a by-product which has economic value.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

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用超临界二氧化碳预处理制备核桃壳生物炭吸附材料

为了处理印刷业废水中的染料，并使核桃壳（WS）废料再利用产生经济效益，研究人员开发了超临界二氧化碳（SC-CO2）预处理技术，以制备多孔生物炭作为吸附材料的前驱体。实验温度分别为 200、300 和 400 ℃，持续时间分别为 20、40 和 60 分钟。然后，采用 KOH 活化法制备生物炭吸附材料。利用 TGA、BET、SEM、FT-IR 和 XRD 对生物炭进行了分析和表征，并利用 GC-MS 和气相色谱法对预处理过程中的液相和气相产物进行了半定量和定量分析。选择亚甲基蓝（MB）染料作为衡量生物炭吸附能力的指标，并根据数据分析了吸附动力学。结果表明，用 SC-CO2 进行预处理可有效提高活性炭的性能和产量。与 N2 对照组相比，最高比表面积增加了 18%，甲基溴的最大吸附量增加了 23%。与直接活化核桃壳（WS）相比，产量增加了 8-262%，比表面积增加了 50-192%。在制备具有最佳比表面积的生物炭吸附材料的预处理过程中，产生了富含酚的生物油作为副产品，具有经济价值。

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来源期刊

Biochar Multiple-

CiteScore

18.60

自引率

10.20%

发文量

期刊介绍： Biochar stands as a distinguished academic journal delving into multidisciplinary subjects such as agronomy, environmental science, and materials science. Its pages showcase innovative articles spanning the preparation and processing of biochar, exploring its diverse applications, including but not limited to bioenergy production, biochar-based materials for environmental use, soil enhancement, climate change mitigation, contaminated-environment remediation, water purification, new analytical techniques, life cycle assessment, and crucially, rural and regional development. Biochar publishes various article types, including reviews, original research, rapid reports, commentaries, and perspectives, with the overarching goal of reporting significant research achievements, critical reviews fostering a deeper mechanistic understanding of the science, and facilitating academic exchange to drive scientific and technological development.