Photoinduced Toxicity Caused by Gold Nanozymes and Photodynamic Dye Encapsulated in Submicron Polymer Shell

IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL
Igor S. Sergeev, Elizaveta A. Maksimova, Ekaterina O. Moiseeva, Olga Yu. Griaznova, Sergei A. Perkov, Polina A. Demina, Valeriy D. Zaytsev, Yury A. Koksharov, Maxim A. Rider, Ilya A. Zavidovskiy, Polina G. Rudakovskaya, Roman I. Romanov, Boris N. Khlebtsov, Anna O. Orlova, Sergey M. Deyev, Dmitry A. Gorin
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Abstract

The development of nanozymes, artificial enzymes made from inorganic nanoparticles, is widely studied due to their affordability, durability, and strength. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are employed to imitate peroxidase, glucose oxidase, lactate oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. The last one transforms intracellular hydrogen peroxide into molecular oxygen, whose deficiency is characteristic of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Thus, gold nanoparticles are thought to enhance the overall effectiveness of photodynamic therapy. However, the enzyme-like activity of nanoparticles rapidly decreases in biological media, due to the aggregation and formation of the so-called “protein corona”. In this study, polymeric submicrocapsules loaded with AuNPs and a photodynamic dye are fabricated via Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly. The enhancement of photodynamic treatment efficacy by in situ production of oxygen by the catalase-like effect of AuNPs is investigated. Polymeric capsules are thoroughly characterized in terms of physicochemical and catalytic properties, and as a proof of concept, their therapeutic potential is evaluated in vitro. Furthermore, encapsulated AuNPs shows significantly lower aggregation both upon storage and during the reaction course. The results shows that the polymer capsules, containing AuNPs and photodynamic dye, show significantly higher light-induced cytotoxicity in comparison to the individual photodynamic dye, suggesting a synergistic effect between the formation of molecular oxygen by catalase-like gold nanozymes and photodynamic action.

Abstract Image

封装在亚微米聚合物外壳中的金纳米酶和光动力染料引起的光诱导毒性
纳米酶是由无机纳米粒子制成的人工酶,由于其价格低廉、耐用和强度高,纳米酶的开发受到广泛研究。金纳米粒子(AuNPs)被用来模仿过氧化物酶、葡萄糖氧化酶、乳酸氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶。最后一种可将细胞内的过氧化氢转化为分子氧,而分子氧的缺乏是缺氧性肿瘤微环境的特征。因此,金纳米粒子被认为能提高光动力疗法的整体效果。然而,纳米粒子在生物介质中会聚集并形成所谓的 "蛋白电晕",其酶样活性会迅速降低。本研究通过逐层(LbL)组装法制作了装有 AuNPs 和光动力染料的聚合物亚微胶囊。研究了 AuNPs 的催化酶样效应在原位产生氧气从而提高光动力治疗效果的问题。对聚合物胶囊的物理化学和催化特性进行了全面鉴定,并作为概念验证,对其治疗潜力进行了体外评估。此外,封装的 AuNPs 在储存和反应过程中的聚集性都明显降低。结果表明,与单独的光动力染料相比,含有 AuNPs 和光动力染料的聚合物胶囊显示出更高的光诱导细胞毒性,这表明类似催化酶的金纳米分子形成分子氧与光动力作用之间存在协同效应。
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来源期刊
Particle & Particle Systems Characterization
Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 工程技术-材料科学:表征与测试
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
114
审稿时长
3.0 months
期刊介绍: Particle & Particle Systems Characterization is an international, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary journal focusing on all aspects of particle research. The journal joined the Advanced Materials family of journals in 2013. Particle has an impact factor of 4.194 (2018 Journal Impact Factor, Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2019)). Topics covered include the synthesis, characterization, and application of particles in a variety of systems and devices. Particle covers nanotubes, fullerenes, micelles and alloy clusters, organic and inorganic materials, polymers, quantum dots, 2D materials, proteins, and other molecular biological systems. Particle Systems include those in biomedicine, catalysis, energy-storage materials, environmental science, micro/nano-electromechanical systems, micro/nano-fluidics, molecular electronics, photonics, sensing, and others. Characterization methods include microscopy, spectroscopy, electrochemical, diffraction, magnetic, and scattering techniques.
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