The Toll/IMD pathways mediate host protection against dipteran parasitoids

IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY
Jin Yang , Qian Xu , Wenwen Shen , Zhe Jiang , Xinran Gu , Fanchi Li , Bing Li , Jing Wei
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Abstract

Parasitoids have utilized a variety of strategies to counteract host defense. They are in different taxonomic status and exhibit phenotypic and genetic diversity, and thus are thought to evolve distinct anti-defense mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the performance of two closely related parasitoids, Exorista japonica and Exorista sorbillans (Diptera: Tachinidae) that are biological control agents in agriculture and major insect pests in sericulture, on the host Bombyx mori. We show that the host is more susceptible to E. sorbillans infection while relatively resistant to E. japonica infection. Moreover, the expression levels of host antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) genes are repressed at early infection and induced at late infection of E. japonica, while AMPs are over-expressed at early infection and return to normal levels at late infection of E. sorbillans. In parallel, Toll and IMD pathway genes are generally induced at late infection of E. japonica, whereas these genes are up-regulated at early infection and down-regulated at late infection of E. sorbillans. Activating of host Toll/IMD pathways and AMPs expression by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) represses the larval growth of E. sorbillans. Conversely, inhibiting host Toll/IMD pathways by RNA interference significantly promotes E. japonica development. Therefore, the Toll/IMD pathways are required in the host for defense against infection of dipteran parasitoids. Overall, our study provides the new insight into the diversified host-parasitoid interactions, and offers a theoretical basis for further studies of the adaptive mechanism of dipteran parasitoids.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

Toll/IMD 通路介导宿主对双翅目寄生虫的保护
寄生虫利用各种策略来抵御宿主的防御。它们处于不同的分类地位,表现出表型和遗传多样性,因此被认为进化出了不同的抗防御机制。在这项研究中,我们调查了两种亲缘关系很近的寄生虫--Exorista japonica 和 Exorista sorbillans(双翅目:恙虫科)--在寄主蚕蛾上的表现。我们的研究表明,寄主更容易受到山翅大蠊的感染,而对日本山翅大蠊的感染具有相对的抵抗力。此外,宿主抗菌肽(AMPs)基因的表达水平在早期感染 E. japonica 时被抑制,在晚期感染 E. japonica 时被诱导,而 AMPs 在早期感染 E. sorbillans 时过度表达,在晚期感染 E. sorbillans 时恢复到正常水平。与此同时,Toll 和 IMD 通路基因一般在 E. japonica 感染晚期被诱导,而这些基因在 E. sorbillans 感染早期上调,在感染晚期下调。通过脂多糖(LPS)激活宿主 Toll/IMD 通路和 AMPs 的表达,可抑制苏眉虫幼虫的生长。相反,通过 RNA 干扰来抑制宿主 Toll/IMD 通路,则能显著促进 E. japonica 的发育。因此,宿主需要 Toll/IMD 途径来防御双翅目寄生虫的感染。总之,我们的研究为寄主与寄生虫之间多样化的相互作用提供了新的视角,为进一步研究双翅目寄生虫的适应机制提供了理论依据。
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来源期刊
Journal of insect physiology
Journal of insect physiology 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
4.50%
发文量
77
审稿时长
57 days
期刊介绍: All aspects of insect physiology are published in this journal which will also accept papers on the physiology of other arthropods, if the referees consider the work to be of general interest. The coverage includes endocrinology (in relation to moulting, reproduction and metabolism), pheromones, neurobiology (cellular, integrative and developmental), physiological pharmacology, nutrition (food selection, digestion and absorption), homeostasis, excretion, reproduction and behaviour. Papers covering functional genomics and molecular approaches to physiological problems will also be included. Communications on structure and applied entomology can be published if the subject matter has an explicit bearing on the physiology of arthropods. Review articles and novel method papers are also welcomed.
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