Effects of site aridity and species on stand transpiration in high-elevation dryland ecosystems

IF 5.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL
Fang Wang , Junzhou Zhang , Patrick Fonti , Qipeng Sun , Yuetong Wang , Fen Zhang , Yanfang Wang , Jiqin Yang , Xiaohua Gou
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Abstract

Climate change is altering regional aridity and species composition in dryland ecosystems. Understanding the effects of long-term increasing aridity and species-specific stomatal behaviors on transpiration is therefore important for water-resource forecasting. To assess the effects of site aridity levels and species on stand transpiration rate (Es), we monitored sap flux density (Js) and relevant environmental parameters for 16 isohydric Picea crassifolia (spruce) and 14 anisohydric Juniperus przewalskii (juniper) trees over three growing seasons at four arid to semi-arid high-elevation sites on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results show that Es was about 5–9 times higher in semi-arid sites than in arid sites, and about 6–9 times higher in spruce than in juniper. Spruce exhibited stronger stomatal regulation of transpiration than juniper. Soil water supply strongly promoted Js only for spruce in the arid environment (R2 = 0.23), while at the other sites, Js was mostly controlled by atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (R2 > 0.82). However, increasing site aridity greatly reduced the sensitivities of both Js and canopy conductance to VPD, especially for juniper. We expect that in the transition from semi-arid to arid alpine forests, Es will initially rise due to increasing VPD. However, in the long term, there may be a stronger decline in Es since both the sensitivity of Js to VPD and the stand sapwood area will decrease. These findings could be used to reduce the impacts of climate change on water resources in high-elevation drylands.

高海拔旱地生态系统的干旱程度和物种对林木蒸腾作用的影响
气候变化正在改变干旱地区生态系统的区域干旱度和物种组成。因此,了解长期干旱和物种气孔行为对蒸腾作用的影响对于水资源预测非常重要。为了评估干旱程度和物种对林木蒸腾速率(Es)的影响,我们在青藏高原四个干旱到半干旱的高海拔地区,对16棵等水云杉和14棵无水杜松在三个生长季的树液通量密度(Js)和相关环境参数进行了监测。结果表明,半干旱地区的Es值是干旱地区的5-9倍,云杉的Es值是刺柏的6-9倍。云杉的气孔对蒸腾的调节作用比杜松强。只有在干旱环境中,云杉的土壤水分供应对蒸腾速率有很大的促进作用(R2 = 0.23),而在其他地点,蒸腾速率主要受大气水汽压差(VPD)的控制(R2 > 0.82)。然而,地点干旱程度的增加大大降低了 Js 和冠层传导对 VPD 的敏感性,尤其是杜松。我们预计,在从半干旱高山森林向干旱高山森林过渡的过程中,Es 最初会因 VPD 的增加而上升。然而,从长远来看,由于Js对VPD的敏感性和林分边材面积都会减少,Es的下降幅度可能会更大。这些发现可用于减少气候变化对高海拔干旱地区水资源的影响。
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来源期刊
Journal of Hydrology
Journal of Hydrology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
1309
审稿时长
7.5 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Hydrology publishes original research papers and comprehensive reviews in all the subfields of the hydrological sciences including water based management and policy issues that impact on economics and society. These comprise, but are not limited to the physical, chemical, biogeochemical, stochastic and systems aspects of surface and groundwater hydrology, hydrometeorology and hydrogeology. Relevant topics incorporating the insights and methodologies of disciplines such as climatology, water resource systems, hydraulics, agrohydrology, geomorphology, soil science, instrumentation and remote sensing, civil and environmental engineering are included. Social science perspectives on hydrological problems such as resource and ecological economics, environmental sociology, psychology and behavioural science, management and policy analysis are also invited. Multi-and interdisciplinary analyses of hydrological problems are within scope. The science published in the Journal of Hydrology is relevant to catchment scales rather than exclusively to a local scale or site.
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