Bridging the Mind and Gut: Uncovering the Intricacies of Neurotransmitters, Neuropeptides, and their Influence on Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

Saumya Gupta, Susha Dinesh, Sameer Sharma
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Abstract

Background: The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional signaling channel that facilitates communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. Recent research on the gut-brain axis demonstrates that this connection enables the brain to influence gut function, which in turn influences the brain and its cognitive functioning. It is well established that malfunctioning of this axis adversely affects both systems' ability to operate effectively.

Objective: Dysfunctions in the GBA have been associated with disorders of gut motility and permeability, intestinal inflammation, indigestion, constipation, diarrhea, IBS, and IBD, as well as neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders like depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Multiple research initiatives have shown that the gut microbiota, in particular, plays a crucial role in the GBA by participating in the regulation of a number of key neurochemicals that are known to have significant effects on the mental and physical well-being of an individual.

Methods: Several studies have investigated the relationship between neuropsychiatric disorders and imbalances or disturbances in the metabolism of neurochemicals, often leading to concomitant gastrointestinal issues and modifications in gut flora composition. The interaction between neurological diseases and gut microbiota has been a focal point within this research. The novel therapeutic interventions in neuropsychiatric conditions involving interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications are outlined in this review.

Results: The findings of multiple studies carried out on mice show that modulating and monitoring gut microbiota can help treat symptoms of such diseases, which raises the possibility of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and even dietary changes as part of a new treatment strategy for neuropsychiatric disorders and their symptoms.

Conclusion: The bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain through the gut-brain axis has revealed profound implications for both gastrointestinal and neurological health. Malfunctions in this axis have been connected to a range of disorders affecting gut function as well as cognitive and neuropsychiatric well-being. The emerging understanding of the role of gut microbiota in regulating key neurochemicals opens up possibilities for novel treatment approaches for conditions like depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases.

连接心灵与肠道:揭示神经递质、神经肽的复杂性及其对神经精神疾病的影响。
背景:肠脑轴(GBA)是促进胃肠道与大脑之间交流的双向信号通道。对肠道-大脑轴的最新研究表明,这种联系使大脑能够影响肠道功能,而肠道功能又反过来影响大脑及其认知功能。肠脑轴的功能失调会对这两个系统的有效运作产生不利影响,这一点已得到公认:GBA功能失调与肠道蠕动和通透性失调、肠道炎症、消化不良、便秘、腹泻、肠易激综合征和肠道综合征,以及抑郁症、焦虑症、精神分裂症、自闭症、阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森氏症等神经精神疾病和神经退行性疾病有关。多项研究结果表明,肠道微生物群尤其在胃肠功能紊乱(GBA)中发挥着至关重要的作用,它们参与调控一些关键的神经化学物质,而众所周知,这些神经化学物质对人的精神和身体健康有重大影响:一些研究已经对神经精神疾病与神经化学物质代谢失衡或紊乱之间的关系进行了调查,神经化学物质代谢失衡或紊乱往往会同时导致胃肠道问题和肠道菌群组成的改变。神经系统疾病与肠道微生物群之间的相互作用一直是这项研究的焦点。本综述概述了神经精神疾病的新型治疗干预措施,包括益生菌、益生元和饮食调整等干预措施:结果:对小鼠进行的多项研究结果表明,调节和监测肠道微生物群有助于治疗此类疾病的症状,这就提出了使用益生菌、益生元甚至改变饮食结构作为神经精神疾病及其症状的新治疗策略的可能性:结论:肠道和大脑之间通过肠脑轴进行双向交流,这对肠胃和神经系统的健康都有着深远的影响。该轴的功能失调与一系列影响肠道功能以及认知和神经精神健康的疾病有关。人们逐渐认识到肠道微生物群在调节关键神经化学物质方面的作用,这为抑郁症、焦虑症和神经退行性疾病等疾病的新型治疗方法提供了可能性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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