Susanna Y Park, Bridgette Do, Jacqlyn Yourell, Janice Hermer, Jennifer Huberty
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Generation Z (Gen Z) includes individuals born between 1995 and 2012. These individuals experience high rates of anxiety and depression. Most Gen Z individuals identify with being spiritual, and aspects from religion and spirituality can be integrated into mental health treatment and care as both are related to lower levels of depression. However, research on the spiritual and mental health of Gen Z is sparse. To date, there are no systematic or scoping reviews on digital methods to address the spiritual and mental health of Gen Z.
Objective: This scoping review aimed to describe the current state of digital methods to address spiritual and mental health among Gen Z, identify the knowledge gaps, and make suggestions for how to leverage digital spiritual and mental health interventions for Gen Z.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Education Full Text, Google Scholar, SocIndex, and Sociological Abstracts. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) study population born between 1995 and 2012 (ie, Gen Z); (2) reporting on spiritual health or well-being, spirituality or religion, and mental health or well-being; (3) reporting on using digital methods; (4) publication in 1996 or beyond; (5) human subject research; (6) full text availability in English; (7) primary research study design; and (8) peer-reviewed article. Two authors screened articles and subsequently extracted data from the included articles to describe the available evidence.
Results: A total of 413 articles were screened at the title and abstract levels, of which 27 were further assessed with full text for eligibility. Five studies met the inclusion criteria, and data were extracted to summarize study characteristics and findings. The studies were performed across 4 different countries. There were 2 mixed-methods studies (South Africa and Canada), 2 cross-sectional studies (China and United States), and 1 randomized controlled trial (United States). Of these studies, only 2 discussed digital interventions (a text messaging-based intervention to improve spiritual and mental health, and a feasibility study for a mental health app). Other studies had a digital component with minor or unclear spiritual and mental health measures. Overall, there was a lack of consistency in how spiritual and mental health were measured.
Conclusions: Few studies have focused on assessing the spiritual and mental health of Gen Z in the digital context, and no research to date has examined a digital spiritual and mental health application among Gen Z. Research is needed to inform the development and evaluation of approaches to address the spiritual and mental health of Gen Z via digital means (eg, mobile apps).
背景:Z 世代("Gen Z",1995-2012 年间出生的人)的焦虑和抑郁率很高。大多数 Z 世代都认为自己是有灵性的,宗教和灵性的各个方面都可以融入心理健康治疗和护理中,因为这两者都与抑郁水平较低有关。然而,有关 Z 世代精神和心理健康的研究却很少。迄今为止,还没有关于解决 Z 世代精神和心理健康问题的数字化方法的系统性或范围界定综述:范围界定综述的目的是描述解决 Z 世代精神和心理健康问题的数字方法的现状,找出知识差距,并就如何利用数字方法干预 Z 世代的精神和心理健康问题提出建议:在 PubMed、Scopus、PsycInfo、CINAHL、Education Full Text、Google Scholar、SocIndex 和 Sociological Abstracts 中进行了全面的文献检索。文章的纳入标准包括1) 研究人群出生于 1995-2012 年(即 Z 世代);2) 报道精神健康/幸福、灵性或宗教以及心理健康/幸福;3) 报道使用数字方法;4) 1996 年及以后发表;5) 以人为研究对象;6) 全文为英文;7) 主要研究设计;8) 同行评议文章。两位作者对文章进行了筛选,随后从收录的文章中提取数据以描述现有证据:共筛选了 413 篇文章的标题和摘要,并对其中 27 篇文章的全文进行了进一步的资格评估。有五项研究符合纳入标准,并提取了数据以总结研究特点和结果。这些研究涉及四个不同的国家:两项混合方法研究(南非和加拿大)、两项横断面研究(中国和美国)和一项随机对照试验(美国)。在这些研究中,只有两项讨论了数字化干预措施:一项是基于短信的干预措施,旨在改善精神和心理健康;另一项是心理健康应用程序的可行性研究。其他研究都包含数字内容,但精神和心理健康措施较少或不明确。总体而言,精神和心理健康的测量方法缺乏一致性:很少有研究关注在数字环境中评估 Z 世代的精神和心理健康,迄今为止也没有研究对 Z 世代的数字精神和心理健康应用进行过考察。需要开展研究,为开发和评估通过数字手段(如移动应用)解决 Z 世代精神和心理健康问题的方法提供信息。