Outcome of 1:1:1 Transfusion Ratio of Blood Products in Critical Bleeders Either Traumatic, Medical or Surgical

Abstract

: Background: Blood transfusion is a critical intervention in the management of patients with severe bleeding. However, the optimal ratio of blood products to be transfused remains a topic of debate. Aim: to evaluate the outcomes of using a 1:1:1 blood transfusion ratio in patients with critical bleeding and compare its effectiveness and safety with other ratios. Patients and Methods: patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at Benha University hospitals due to critical bleeding were included in this observational study. Results: The mean age of the patients was 41 ± 14 years, with equal gender distribution. Non-traumatic causes accounted for the majority (66%) of hemorrhagic shock cases. The analysis showed no significant differences in age, gender, or cause of hemorrhagic shock when classifying patients based on 24-hour mortality. However, non-survivors had significantly higher shock index values and longer hospital stays compared to survivors. When classifying patients based on 30-day mortality, non-survivors had a higher proportion of traumatic causes and received more red blood cell transfusions than survivors. There were positive correlations between the length of stay in the intensive care unit and blood product administration (red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate), as well as the shock index. Conclusion: the study highlights the importance of the shock index as a predictor of mortality in hemorrhagic shock patients. It also emphasizes the impact of factors such as shock severity, blood product administration, and the nature of the underlying cause on patient outcomes.